Career Pathways into Retirement in the UK: Linking Older Women's Pasts to the Present

Understanding of how women's experiences in retirement are shaped by their pre‐retirement lives is limited. In this paper we utilize an innovative mix of measures to examine the link between career histories and expectations and experiences of retirement. Analysis of timeline data capturing the long working lives of a sample of older women identifies five different pathways into retirement. We explore these trajectories in detail to determine how they are shaped and their links to different outcomes in later life. The analysis shows how different career histories unfold and how they shape expectations and experiences of retirement. Long, professional career pathways leave women feeling enabled in retirement, women following more fragmented pathways are more constrained, and some trajectories, including pathways involving transitions into professional careers in later life, can leave older women financially and emotionally vulnerable in older age.     

大学生择业价值取向及职业生涯规划调查分析

通过对合肥学院机械工程系98位应届毕业生的问卷调查,分析当代大学生择业价值取向和职业生涯规划的现实状况,提出要理性看待大学毕业生追求和加强对大学生进行职业规划教育的两点建议。     

宋代佛教与官府财政的关系--以曾巩与苏轼的见解为例

宋代,佛教与官府财政的关系是时人颇为关注的问题。许多有识之士纷纷提出自己的见解和主张,曾巩与苏轼即为其中的典型代表。曾巩的挤压见解与苏轼利用佛教生财的主张,表面看似对立,但二人的主旨却是一致的,即通过对佛教资源的再分配,解决政府的财政危机。当然这一紧一松,与二人的性格和仕途经历有密切关系。曾巩的处事严谨与苏轼的放达宽容,曾巩的任职京师、编修史籍与苏轼的任职地方州府首长的经历,形成鲜明对照。     

论我国传统诉讼文化中的法律职业者

乡土社会中的法律职业者是刑名师爷和讼师,他们的社会地位十分低下,处在法律和道德上被双重拒绝的困境,这恰与发轫于西方的现代法治理念和现实形成鲜明的对比。当下法治建设无法完全摆脱传统诉讼文化的影响,因此以制度化的方式提升法律职业者的地位,仍然是法律工作者们努力的方向。     

人力资本视角下的女性创业研究

随着世界经济和社会的发展,女性创业在世界范围内已成为女性就业的新趋势。从人力资本视角观察女性创业可以发现,在我国,教育背景对女性创业有影响,但在工作中积累的经验、构建的社会关系网络、掌握的某项特殊技能比起单纯的高学历更有可能促进女性创业并取得成功,是人力资本存量的结构而不是人力资本存量本身对女性创业有影响。     

史官与官史--韩、柳的史官辩

韩愈和柳宗元关于史官问题的辩论,发生于九世纪初唐宪宗元和年间。韩、柳辩论的问题,表面看来是史官可不可作?可不可有作为?如可为,应怎么作?其实涉及史官的职责、史官的命运、史馆的建置以及史学与政治的关系等等,可谓中世纪前期近千年以编纂当代史为重心的文化体制的一次总结和回顾。正因如此,就成了中国史学的历史进程中的一道难以回避的论题。     

Racial/Ethnic Minority Community College Students' Critical Consciousness and Social Cognitive Career Outcomes

A need exists to better understand how racial/ethnic minority students' critical consciousness development in response to marginalization may be involved in their educational and career development. We therefore examined the link between critical consciousness development and career decision self-efficacy and career outcome expectations among racial/ethnic minority community college students. Following social cognitive career theory's conceptual pillars, we developed a testable model integrating critical consciousness and social cognitive variables. This model was tested with 135 racially and ethnically diverse community college students. Data analysis included path analyses and tests of model fit using structural equation modeling. Results suggested that (a) higher critical agency is linked to higher career decision self-efficacy and outcome expectations and (b) critical action and reflection have a bidirectional link and predict higher critical agency. Implications for research and practice aiming to close educational and career gaps among racial/ethnic minorities are discussed.     

信息时代高校外语教师职业发展新模式

文章简要陈述了信息时代高校外语教师职业发展趋势和信息时代对高校外语教师职业发展的挑战,并再对信息时代高校外语教师职业发展新模式的实现途径进行了有效探究。     

The Influence of Career Planning on Career Thoughts in STEM‐Interested Undergraduates

Undergraduate career planning courses have shown efficacy in decreasing students’ negative career thoughts; however, universities have minimally applied these courses to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) populations. This study compared the influence of a STEM‐focused career planning course for undecided STEM students with a seminar course for decided STEM majors. An analysis of covariance with covariate adjustment revealed that undecided career planning students had lower adjusted mean scores on a measure of negative career thinking than the decided STEM majors after the first semester of college. The results provide support for the efficacy of STEM‐focused career planning courses and measuring negative career thoughts with STEM undergraduates.     

Testing an Integrative Contextual Career Development Model With Adolescents From High‐Poverty Urban Areas

Variations in the economic recovery rate across the United States have led to even greater chasms that separate the employed, unemployed, and underemployed (DeSilver, 2017 ). Therefore, understanding and supporting the career development of future generations is critical—especially for those who live outside the context of social privilege. The authors examined the applicability of the integrative contextual model of career development (ICM; Lapan, 2004 ) to a sample of 220 adolescents (129 boys, 91 girls) from a high‐poverty urban area. Results indicated that a canonical variate comprising foundational ICM skills (e.g., career exploration, goal setting) predicted a variate composed of ICM outcomes (e.g., self‐efficacy, vocational identity), thus supporting the usefulness of the ICM framework for this population. The skill of setting viable career goals was an especially strong predictor of outcomes. Implications for career counseling with adolescents living in high‐poverty urban areas and directions for future research are discussed.