贫困大学生心理健康教育工作浅论

本文在分析贫困大学生普遍存在的心理问题的基础上,阐述了加强大学生心理健康教育的主要内容,并积极探索通过心理健康知识宣传、心理评估、个体咨询、团体咨询等途径加大对贫困大学生的心理健康教育力度,以达到提高贫困大学生心理健康水平,促进贫困大学生健康成长的目的。     

元宇宙经济课征所得税的理论基础与实践进路

元宇宙经济是一种深度创新的数字经济,其能够满足人们日益增长的精神需求,是经济社会发展的新动能。在元宇宙中生产、交易数字产品能够给权利主体带来客观的经济利益。我国现行所得税法没有对元宇宙中虚拟化身或虚拟实体的税法地位和数字产品交易收入进行规制,这会导致国家税源的流失,不利于数字资产的优化配置和数字公平的实现。为引领元宇宙健康发展,在构建及完善我国元宇宙收益所得税制时,由于源自元宇宙数字产品生产和交易的收益具有经济上和法律上的可税性,应当对该收益征收所得税;应穿透虚拟化身或虚拟实体,对其背后的真实权利主体征税;所得税法应将数字产品转让所得和许可使用所得分别纳入“转让财产所得”和“特许权使用费所得”来课税。     

河南农村区域经济发展差异及对策

以河南108个县(市)为研究单元,利用县域农民人均纯收入指标,将河南农村社会经济发展状况划分为3大经济区域。通过经济计量方法定量分析了不同经济区域各产业发展与农民收入之间关系,结合各经济区域分布现状格局以及社会经济总体状况之间存在的差异,提出了河南新农村建设应遵循分类规划、分区发展、差异目标的建议。     

赠与人"撤销权"的厘定与赠与制度的基本构造

理论上对赠与人撤销权制度的认识存在着极大的分歧.赠与人的撤销权为民法撤销权体系中的特例之一,它实际上应被称为"撤回权",并具有后悔权的意义,在性质上更类似于解除权.赠与人的任意撤回权与赠与合同的诺成性攸关,是旨在弥补赠与被立法确认为诺成合同后对赠与人要求过苛的弊端而设计的救济性手段.任意撤回权的行使虽为法定,但赠与人亦应赔偿受赠人因此所遭受的信赖利益损失,且其责任基础不是一般所认为的缔约过失责任而应是违约责任.     

The 2015 welfare reform of the National Basic Livelihood Security System in South Korea: Effects on economic outcomes

In July 2015, South Korea’s National Basic Livelihood Security System (NBLSS) was reformed for the purposes of eliminating welfare blind spots and reducing poverty. The reform is expected to affect the recipients’ economic behaviours and choices. In this study, we used changes in benefits and eligibility for the NBLSS under the customised benefit system to identify the effects of the change in the NBLSS on a proposed set of economic outcomes – income, labour supply, consumption, savings, poverty reduction. To estimate the effects, we used data from the 10th–12th waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Study and employed a difference‐in‐differences framework integrated with the propensity scores. We found that the NBLSS helps the poor to reduce financial and material hardships through income and consumption increments, but that it does not provide disincentives to the recipients from participating in the labour market or from saving.     

数字经济对城乡居民收入差距影响研究——兼论城镇化的门槛效应

数字经济为缩小居民收入差距带来了新机遇,而“数字鸿沟”又可能引发新的贫富差距。研究数字经济对城乡居民收入差距的影响,对于认识和缩小差距,实现共同富裕具有重要意义。文章基于2011—2020年31个省域面板数据,通过构建静态、动态面板模型及门槛模型,分析数字经济对城乡居民收入差距的影响。研究发现:省域层面上,数字经济显著缩小城乡居民收入差距,且该影响具有单一门槛效应。在城镇化水平较低时,数字经济对城乡收入差距的影响不显著;当城镇化水平越过门槛值,数字经济水平显著影响城乡收入差距的缩小。异质性分析发现,我国南北地区呈现出不同的效应,北方省份城乡收入差距受数字经济水平影响较小,而南方较大。     

Children’s educational attainment,occupation, and income and their parents’ mortality

Using data from Finland, this paper contributes to a small but growing body of research regarding adult children's education, occupation, and income and their parents' mortality at ages 50+ in 1970–2007. Higher levels of children's education are associated with 30–36 per cent lower parental mortality at ages 50–75, controlling for parents' education, occupation, and income. This association is fully mediated by children's occupation and income, except for cancer mortality. Having at least one child educated in healthcare is associated with 11–16 per cent lower all-cause mortality at ages 50–75, an association that is largely driven by mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Children's higher white-collar occupation and higher income is associated with 39–46 per cent lower mortality in the fully adjusted models. At ages 75+, these associations are much smaller overall and children's schooling remains more strongly associated with mortality than children's occupation or income.     

Income inequality,poverty and crime across nations

We examine the relationship between income inequality, poverty, and different types of crime. Our results are consistent with recent research in showing that inequality is unrelated to homicide rates when poverty is controlled. In our multi‐level analyses of the International Crime Victimization Survey we find that inequality is unrelated to assault, robbery, burglary, and theft when poverty is controlled. We argue that there are also theoretical reasons to doubt that the level of income inequality of a country affects the likelihood of criminal behaviour.     

A Social Network Comparison of Low‐Income Black and White Newlywed Couples

Relative to White families, Black families have been described as relying on extended social networks to compensate for other social and economic disadvantages. The presence or absence of supportive social networks should be especially relevant to young couples entering marriage, but to date there has been little effort to describe the social networks of comparable Black and White newlyweds. The current study addressed this gap by drawing on interviews with 57 first‐married newlyweds from low‐income communities to compare the composition and structure of Black and White couples' duocentric social networks. The results indicated that low‐income Black couples entered marriage at a social disadvantage relative to White couples, with more family relationships but fewer positive relationships and fewer sources of emotional support (for wives), fewer connections to married individuals, and fewer shared relationships between spouses. Black couples' relative social disadvantages persisted even when various economic and demographic variables were controlled.     

影响我国居民收入分配差距因素的实证分析

世界银行2005年发展报告显示,中国的基尼系数按由低到高排名第85位,2007年达到了0.48,超过了国际上0.4的警戒线。本文对中国1994—2007年的相关统计资料进行实证分析,以验证税收、转移支付和教育与收入分配差距之间遵从的演变路径,探讨了城乡转移支付对收入分配差距的影响力度,得出结论:教育和税收能缩小收入分配差距,但影响有限;现行的社会保障制度并没有实现制度上的公平,农村社保制度对收入差距的负面影响远大于城市社保制度。