Assessment of the Refined Aging Semantic Differential: Recommendations for Enhancing Validity

The US population is aging. Traditional perspectives have emphasized that a substantial increase in the number of gerontological social workers is needed to care for this population. However, published evidence demonstrates that, along with population growth, economic and social factors must be taken into account before predicting future gerontological social work demand. Structural lag theory is introduced to explain how these factors affect the profession and may limit its presence in gerontological work settings. Recommendations are made to correct the lag, allowing the social work profession a more substantive voice in the aging enterprise.     

关于消费者对促销的反应行为研究

不同类型的促销工具在导致消费者产生特定反应行为方面具有差异性。针对消费者品牌转换行为最有效的促销工具是价格折扣和样品赠送;针对消费者购买加速行为最有效的促销工具是价格折扣与购物赠礼;针对消费者增加购买量最有效的促销工具是价格折扣;针对消费者产品试用行为最有效的促销工具是价格折扣、样品赠送、购物赠礼;购物抽奖相对来说促销效果最差。营销者应根据企业目标针对性地选择最合适的促销工具。     

Competition in Financial Innovation

This paper examines the incentives offered by frictionless markets to innovate asset‐backed securities by owners who maximize the assets' values. Assuming identical preferences across investors with heterogeneous risk‐sharing needs, we characterize economies in which competition provides insufficient incentives to innovate so that, in equilibrium, financial markets are incomplete in all (pure strategy) equilibria, even when innovation is essentially costless. Thus, value maximization does not generally result in complete markets.     

Cross-Cultural Analyses of Determinants of Quality of Life and Mental Health: Results from the Eurohis Study

Recent projects on international instrument development have produced a wide array of health indicators that may be used for cross-cultural field-testing, however more information on their cross-cultural performance in relation to health determinants is necessary. The current study approaches one step for international conceptual validation by analysing the association between various health determinants and different types of health outcomes (mental health, quality of life) across a range of countries or geographical areas. The current study is based on the EUROHIS project that has been conducted in a sample of 4849 adults across 10 European countries. Results highlight that interactions between health determinants with subjective mental health, general health and quality of life (QoL) differ between Western European countries, Eastern European countries and the Newly Associated States as well as Israel. Using a MIMIC model approach, we were able to show that the impact of each of the sociodemographic variables cannot be interpreted on the basis of its single loading but only seeing the interacting with other indicators. Future studies should include sociodemographics in MIMIC models in each latent factor before carrying out regressions on a larger scale. Future investigations will require larger and representative samples to (a) test models on latent factors of mental health and QoL and (b) on the basis of these findings test overall structural models across countries.     

Experimental Games on Networks: Underpinnings of Behavior and Equilibrium Selection

In this paper, we describe a series of laboratory experiments that implement specific examples of a general network structure. Specifically, actions are either strategic substitutes or strategic complements, and participants have either complete or incomplete information about the structure of a random network. Since economic environments typically have a considerable degree of complementarity or substitutability, this framework applies to a wide variety of settings. We examine behavior and equilibrium selection. The degree of equilibrium play is striking, in particular with incomplete information. Behavior closely resembles the theoretical equilibrium whenever this is unique; when there are multiple equilibria, general features of networks, such as connectivity, clustering, and the degree of the players, help to predict informed behavior in the lab. People appear to be strongly attracted to maximizing aggregate payoffs (social efficiency), but there are forces that moderate this attraction: (1) people seem content with (in the aggregate) capturing only the lion's share of the efficient profits in exchange for reduced exposure to loss, and (2) uncertainty about the network structure makes it considerably more difficult to coordinate on a demanding, but efficient, equilibrium that is typically implemented with complete information.     

上市公司信息披露的一个经济博弈分析

运用博弈论的基本原理,建立监管者、管理者和投资者的上市公司信息披露三方博弈模型,以管理者的决策策略为切入点,从不完全信息静态博弈、动态博弈两个角度,对上市公司信息披露问题进行了研究。通过分析揭示了三方博弈模型的博弈均衡结果,说明应提高上市公司的信息披露条件,指出单纯加大事前监管和事后检查都不能够提高上市公司信息披露质量,监管者要采取“两手都要抓,两手都要硬”的策略;同时,在给定监管环境下,加大惩罚力度,提高资本市场的有效性都有助于提高上市公司信息披露质量。     

从集合论看商品的市场赋价——调研宣传以及生产的逻辑

经济不断为数学“立法”的同时,数学也不断为经济提供非直觉现象的研究工具。在数学和经济不断渗透的背景下,跳过传统商品赋价理论,从集合角度重新审视了商品的赋价问题,得出商品的价格包括在消费者正确识别的商品功能集合中被赋的价格,在识别错位的功能集合中被赋的价格以及在扩充的功能集合中被消费者赋的价格三部分;同时顺便考察了厂商的宣传调研以及生产的逻辑,给出为什么商品的生产价格并不总是和市场价格相切合的解释。     

不完全契约、非对称信息与合作社经营者激励——农民专业合作社“委托—代理”理论模型的构建及其应用

我国农民专业合作社内部的委托—代理关系有其自身的特点,通过对符合我国农民专业合作社运行实践的委托—代理理论模型的构建及理论分析可知,合作社代理人努力行为的激励与其自身经营农产品占合作社经营农产品总量的比重、对互惠关注的敏感性程度和占有合作社盈余分配的比例等因素存在正相关关系。合作社内部产生委托—代理问题的根源在于合作社内部的不完全契约和非对称信息,为避免合作社经营者可能采取的隐藏信息和隐藏行动的机会主义行为,建议从信号传递和信号甄别的角度对合作社内部的相关契约加以改进。     

婚约的性质和效力

婚约作为人类社会中一项法律制度,有着悠久的历史,在我国可追溯到西周。由于立法者对婚约的误读,我国现行婚姻法没有对婚约作出立法规定,而在我们现实生活中婚约仍然大量存在,并呈现出不同于古代婚约的许多新特征。就婚约性质而言,婚约是具有一定效果意思的表示行为,具有伦理性的特点,宜归为亲属法上的契约;就婚约的效力特征来说,基于对自由价值的保护,婚约作为一种亲属法上的契约,其权能受到限制,不得基于婚约提起缔结婚姻的诉讼或者缔结婚姻的判决不予执行,无强制力,因此,是类似自然债务的不完全债权。     

基于DSP与LabVIEW仿生运动机理模型在线切换、离散化系统

仿生运动机理模型在实际的应用过程中,必须针对特定的应用场合和不同的硬件系统选择不同的控制模型和最优参数,使实际效果达到最佳。文章提出了一种基于DSP与LabVIEW,对仿生运动机理模型进行实时在线离散化的方法。该方法实现了控制模型的在线切换、参数的实时修正、模型的在线离散化、LabVIEW和DSP的实时通信。实验结果表明,该系统实时性好、运行可靠。