西方独立研究的现状与思考

独立是西方文化中的一个重要概念,也是与自立涵义相近的一个概念.从西方学者提出的关于独立的界定、结构与测量、影响因素以及对独立概念的反思等可以了解到西方的独立研究现状.在此基础上探讨独立与自立的异同,得到以下认识:(1)自立与独立是在不同文化、经济和政治条件下产生的不同人格构念,差异的关键在于自立是一种辩证性的人格特征,是独立与依赖对立统一的结果;(2)自立是我国优秀文化传统保持下来的有现代生命力的人格构念;(3)自立和独立都是涉及多种心理成分和多个领域的复杂人格构念.     

公司治理结构中的代理成本与审计独立性的相关性研究

本文从"提高审计独立性对代理成本的影响"和"代理成本的高低对审计独立性的影响"两个角度,对代理成本与审计独立性的相关性进行了理论分析,认为代理成本与审计独立性具有正相关性,并将这一结论作为研究假设,提出了建立数学模型对两者的相关性进行实证研究的思路。文章认为,要提高审计独立性将会导致公司代理成本的相应提高,反之,代理成本越高,被审单位从其自身利益出发,必然要提高审计独立性。     

论陪审独立

陪审制是法院吸收非职业法官参与案件审判的一项重要司法制度.陪审独立是陪审制度中的核心问题.马克思、恩格斯曾对陪审独立作过具体的论述.陪审独立的内涵包括审理职权上的独立和相对于法官的独立两个方面.为了实现陪审独立,必须使人民陪审制度得到法律上的确认,实现真正意义上的审判独立,并明确陪审制的适用范围以及陪审员的资格和产生程序.     

Some inference results in several symmetric multivariate exponential models

In this paper, we consider multivariate exponential models with identical marginals. We obtain MLEs of the parameters and large sample tests for mutual independence of k components in the multivariate exponential models proposed by Weinman (1966), Marshall-Olkin (1967) and Block (1975).     

On the decomposition of X2 for two-way contingency tables

When samples are taken independently from I populations and the subjects classified into J categories, can the Pearson's chisquare statistic X² testing the homogeneity model on the resulting I×J two-way table be decomposed into components familiar in the analysis of variance? Will the X² testing the homogeneity model on tables derived by collapsing columns in the spirit of orthogonal comparisons in factorial experiments be asymptotically independent? The answers to both questions are generally negative. This paper gives a theoretical justification.     

Estimation in the bivariate poisson distribution and hypothesis testing concerning independence

Estimation procedures in the bivariate Poisson distribution are briefly reviewed and some errors in the literature are corrected. Asymptotic efficiencies are reexamined for both symmetric and asymmetric cases. Six hypothesis testing procedures, including three studied by Kocherlakota and Kocherlakota (1985), for independence are evaluated by using Monte Carlo simulations.     

The modified permutation entropy-based independence test of time series

Abstract

In time series, it is essential to check the independence of data by means of a proper method or an appropriate statistical test before any further analysis. Therefore, among different independence tests, a powerful and productive test has been introduced by Matilla-García and Marín via m-dimensional vectorial process, in which the value of the process at time t includes m-histories of the primary process. However, this method causes a dependency for the vectors even when the independence assumption of random variables is considered. Considering this dependency, a modified test is obtained in this article through presenting a new asymptotic distribution based on weighted chi-square random variables. Also, some other alterations to the test have been made via bootstrap method and by controlling the overlap. Compared with the primary test, it is obtained that not only the modified test is more accurate but also, it possesses higher power.     

The Ranges of Limiting Values of Some Partial Correlations under Conditional Independence

Pearson's partial correlation, Kendall's partial tau, and a partial correlation based on Spearman's rho need not be consistent estimators of zero under conditional independence. The ranges of possible limiting values of these correlations are computed under multivariate normality and lognormality. Students should exercise caution when interpreting these partial correlations as a measure of conditional independence.