The geometry of Gaussian double Markovian distributions

Gaussian double Markovian models consist of covariance matrices constrained by a pair of graphs specifying zeros simultaneously in the matrix and its inverse. We study the semi-algebraic geometry of these models, in particular their dimension, smoothness, and connectedness as well as algebraic and combinatorial properties.     

Bargaining and Reputation

The paper develops a reputation based theory of bargaining. The idea is to investigate and highlight the influence of bargaining ‘postures’ on bargaining outcomes. A complete information bargaining model a la Rubinstein is amended to accommodate ‘irrational types’ who are obstinate, and indeed for tractability assumed to be completely inflexible in their offers and demands. A strong ‘independence of procedures’ result is derived: after initial postures have been adopted, the bargaining outcome is independent of the fine details of the bargaining protocol so long as both players have the opportunity to make offers frequently. The latter analysis yields a unique continuous‐time limit with a war of attrition structure. In the continuous‐time game, equilibrium is unique, and entails delay, consequently inefficiency. The equilibrium outcome reflects the combined influence of the rates of time preference of the players and the ex ante probabilities of different irrational types. As the probability of irrationality goes to zero, delay and inefficiency disappear; furthermore, if there is a rich set of types for both agents, the limit equilibrium payoffs are inversely proportional to their rates of time preference.     

我国环境诉讼的困境及原因剖析

我国环境纠纷日益增多,但环境诉讼并未实现其维护社会正义、推动环境保护、促进环境立法的功能,其原因在于:公众环境诉讼意识和法律意识的相对较弱、环境诉讼难以及司法环境的影响,导致公众不寻求通过环境诉讼解决纠纷;司法独立的缺位导致法院难以公正审判环境纠纷案件;现阶段环境保护民间组织的法律地位限制了其在环境诉讼中的作用。     

Large Deviation Principles for Sequences of Maxima and Minima

In this article, we consider sequences of i.i.d. random variables and, under suitable conditions on the (common) distribution function, we prove large deviation principles for sequences of maxima, minima and pairs formed by maxima and minima. The i.i.d. random variables can be either unbounded or bounded; in the first case maxima and minima have to be suitably normalized.     

On Conditionally Independent Random Variables,Copula and Order Statistics

The copula representations for conditionally independent random variables and the distribution properties of order statistics of these random variables are studied.     

Uniform Tail Asymptotics for the Sum of Two Correlated Classes with Stochastic Returns and Dependent Heavy Tails

Consider a continuous-time risk model with two correlated classes of insurance business and risky investments whose price processes are geometric Lévy processes. By assuming that the correlation comes from a common shock, and the claim sizes are heavy-tailed and pairwise quasi-asymptotically independent, we investigate the tail behavior of the sum of the stochastic present values of the two correlated classes, and a uniform asymptotic formula is obtained.     

对上市公司实施独立董事制度的反思

在上市公司中引入独立董事制度,完善公司治理结构,是目前公司法研讨的热点问题。证监会在法律上 已强制在上市公司中实行独立董事制度,但独立董事制度在上市公司的实行却存在着种种困难。     

论审判独立与独立审判

西方各国的审判独立,即司法独立,主要体现于审判机关的体系独立、法官的审判独立、法院内部的审级独立、司法权的统一以及司法机关对立法、行政机关的制衡等五个方面.这五方面相辅相成,构成为一个完整的独立体系.与此相比,中国的独立审判则存在着司法机关的行政机关化、审判不独立、执法不均衡、司法不统一等问题.在推进中国法治国家建设的过程中,应创立社会主义制度下的权力制衡理论,推进司法独立,作为第一步,应提高法院在执政党内的地位.