反思女性:《弗兰肯斯坦》女性形象分析

《弗兰肯斯坦》中女性形象丰富、寓意深刻,折射出这部作品所蕴藏的玛丽.雪莱极具洞察力的、极具远见性的女性观,其中包括对十九世纪初西方女性的生存状况、女性的奴化与反抗意识以及对女性出路的深刻反思。     

论我国民办教育收费的原则性与合理性

民办教育是国民教育序列中不可或缺的重要形式,对国民素质的整体提升发挥着巨大的作用.改革开放以来,民办教育发展迅速,产生了巨大的社会效益和经济效益,但一些深层次的问题也相继出现.本文针对民办教育的收费环节展开讨论,在对收费方式一般理论讨论的基础上,分析了国家关于民办教育收费的政策环境以及民办教育收费的原则性与合理性关系,并以之为基础初步讨论了民办教育收费模式改进对策.     

试论语用原则在听力教学中的应用

听力课教学是整个英语语言教学中不容忽视的重要环节。本文对在听力教学过程中语用原则的应用作了初步探讨,以求解决一些外语教学中长期存在的问题。全文以合作原则在听力教学中对会话含义的推导作用为中心,提示了人们在会话中都不同程度地遵守语用原则,因而掌握好语用原则有助于听力教学水平的提高。     

A Theory of Rational Choice under Ignorance

This paper contributes to a theory of rational choice for decision-makers with incomplete preferences due to partial ignorance, whose beliefs are representable as sets of acceptable priors. We focus on the limiting case of `Complete Ignorance' which can be viewed as reduced form of the general case of partial ignorance. Rationality is conceptualized in terms of a `Principle of Preference-Basedness', according to which rational choice should be isomorphic to asserted preference. The main result characterizes axiomatically a new choice-rule called `Simultaneous Expected Utility Maximization'. It can be interpreted as agreement in a bargaining game (Kalai-Smorodinsky solution) whose players correspond to the (extremal) `acceptable priors' among which the decision maker has suspended judgment. An essential but non-standard feature of Simultaneous Expected Utility choices is their dependence on the entire choice set. This is justified by the conception of optimality as compromise rather than as superiority in pairwise comparisons.     

Bayes linear analysis for graphical models: The geometric approach to local computation and interpretive graphics

This paper concerns the geometric treatment of graphical models using Bayes linear methods. We introduce Bayes linear separation as a second order generalised conditional independence relation, and Bayes linear graphical models are constructed using this property. A system of interpretive and diagnostic shadings are given, which summarise the analysis over the associated moral graph. Principles of local computation are outlined for the graphical models, and an algorithm for implementing such computation over the junction tree is described. The approach is illustrated with two examples. The first concerns sales forecasting using a multivariate dynamic linear model. The second concerns inference for the error variance matrices of the model for sales, and illustrates the generality of our geometric approach by treating the matrices directly as random objects. The examples are implemented using a freely available set of object-oriented programming tools for Bayes linear local computation and graphical diagnostic display.     

Violence and political culture in Mozambique

This article is an attempt at developing a lens through which political culture in Mozambique can be analysed, described and interpreted. It is based on the notion of a political teleology that emerged out of the conditions within which the country fought for its independence. The paper argues that violence in a symbolic and physical form played a central role in the constitution of this political teleology by, on the one hand, allowing the liberation movement to produce an account of Mozambican history which both gave legitimacy to its own struggle while at the same time undermining alternative accounts and, on the other, set the scene for the implementation of a national project that came to be primarily concerned with the reproduction of the claim to power of the liberation movement. Forty years of independence in Mozambique offer an ideal time frame to attempt the construction of such a lens.     

论我国社会主义时期党和国家的民族纲领

我国社会主义时期党和国家的民族政策的总原则是民族平等、民族团结、民族共同繁荣;民族政策的根本立场、根本宗旨是民族平等、团结、自治、发展。新世纪新阶段党和国家民族工作的主题是各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展。     

人群组织关系中的势位法则

片面地和局部地追求个人英雄主义的单极效应,已不是当今社会发展的方向和终极目标,更好地实现具有组织关系的人群最大效应策略将自觉或不自觉地成为了亘古不变的真理,因此人群整体效应的最优化势位法则的提出有其现实紧迫性和现实导向性。本文提出了以“势”作为描述人群组织关系的基本概念及对于不同人群组织关系中的势描述准则,并形成了人群组织关系的最优化势位法则。无论是大系统还是小系统的人群组织关系,这种势位法则都可用于实现该系统整体效应的全面提升。在信息和计算技术飞速发展的将来,这种势位法则对未来社会可能有着更加重要的影响和意义。     

宪法视域中的公共利益原则分析

公共利益原则是一项重要的宪法原则。公共利益原则的实施必须以宪法为基础,宪法以人民主权、权力制约等价值要素为公共利益的实现提供政治前提和法律依据。同时,还通过一整套设计完整的宪法制度对公共利益原则的异化进行矫正。     

反思建国初期我国科技发展中政府的作用

我国在建国初期实行的科技政策很大程度上是国家意志的产物,高度集中的科技管理体系致使科学家独立地位在一定程度消失。从某种角度讲,我国解放后对科技的引进仍旧遵循本质上的“中体西用”。