独立的环境法益的刑法保护

本文随着独立的环境法益的提出 ,首先 ,从法哲学的角度对我国的环境刑法未充分重视独立的环境法益的保护进行了价值分析 ,并认为应当赋予自然环境以人格的权利。其次 ,从犯罪学和刑法学的角度对独立的环境法益的刑法保护密切相关的行政从属性理论进行了评判 ,认为只有突破功利的价值观和绝对的行政从属性 ,才能反映环境要素的固有存在 ,才是公正的环境刑法。最后 ,在以上前提下对我国环境刑法在独立的环境法益的刑法保护方面进行了新的论证。     

On an adaptive version of the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm with independent proposal distribution

In this paper, we present a general formulation of an algorithm, the adaptive independent chain (AIC), that was introduced in a special context in Gåsemyr et al . [ Methodol. Comput. Appl. Probab. 3 (2001)]. The algorithm aims at producing samples from a specific target distribution Π, and is an adaptive, non-Markovian version of the Metropolis–Hastings independent chain. A certain parametric class of possible proposal distributions is fixed, and the parameters of the proposal distribution are updated periodically on the basis of the recent history of the chain, thereby obtaining proposals that get ever closer to Π. We show that under certain conditions, the algorithm produces an exact sample from Π in a finite number of iterations, and hence that it converges to Π. We also present another adaptive algorithm, the componentwise adaptive independent chain (CAIC), which may be an alternative in particular in high dimensions. The CAIC may be regarded as an adaptive approximation to the Gibbs sampler updating parametric approximations to the conditionals of Π.     

论中国婚姻法在法律体系中地位研究之误区——兼与婚姻法私法论商榷

国内有关婚姻法在法律体系中地位的主要论述,主要散见于各种教科书和婚姻法修改论争中。主流观点可称为婚姻法私法论,其主张婚姻法属于私法应“回归民法”,并适用私法自治原则,在婚姻法中建立全面的权利体系。然而,有关论述普遍存在论证过程简单、论证逻辑错误、缺乏论证、研究视角单一等问题,而难以具有说服力。有关婚姻法在法律体系中的地位问题,应改变从理论到理论的研究思路,应扎根于社会生活本身,从实际出发,从有利于解决中国婚姻家庭的实际问题出发作扎实的研究。     

Racial classification in criminology: The reproduction of racialized crime

The (re)production of knowledge about crime is cultural in terms of the questions asked, the comparisons made, and the hypotheses selected to explain crime causation. Since criminologists do not operate in a vacuum, any prejudgments, biases, and beliefs acquired before their professional socialization may well persist and affect their approach to research over the course of their academic careers. Because American criminologists live in a society that racializes a number of problem behaviors, including crime, it is conceivable that widely held beliefs about race that predate graduate training will find their way into assumptions about the relationship between race and crime. Such preprofessional beliefs are transformed into facts when they meet with widespread agreement from other criminologists and thus come to be taken for granted in the objective pursuit of knowledge. Crime is racialized, for example, when the criminal behaviors of individual black offenders are understood in terms of racial traits, racial motives, or racial experiences. When traits, motives, or experiences are classified as the property of whole races or racial communities, these conceptions of race assume causal significance in explaining criminal behavior. Because these traits, motives, and experiences are supposedly shared by entire races or race-class categories, the predisposition to criminality becomes generalized beyond individual Black criminals to whole races or racial communities of noncriminal Blacks. When crime is thus racialized, whole communities or whole categories of phenotypically similar individuals are rendered precriminal and morally suspect. In addition, such racializations in academic criminology can be used to justify increased control of individual black criminals in the larger society; these controls can also legitimately be extended to encompass whole communities and whole categories of phenotypically similar persons who are not involved in crime. This paper will address the role that racializing assumptions play in traditional criminological theories.     

Inapproximability and approximability of maximal tree routing and coloring

Let G be a undirected connected graph. Given g groups each being a subset of V(G) and a number of colors, we consider how to find a subgroup of subsets such that there exists a tree interconnecting all vertices in each subset and all trees can be colored properly with given colors (no two trees sharing a common edge receive the same color); the objective is to maximize the number of subsets in the subgroup. This problem arises from the application of multicast communication in all optical networks. In this paper, we first obtain an explicit lower bound on the approximability of this problem and prove Ω(g^1−ε)-inapproximability even when G is a mesh. We then propose a simple greedy algorithm that achieves performance ratio O√|E(G)|, which matches the theoretical bounds. Supported in part by the NSF of China under Grant No. 70221001 and 60373012.     

《刑法修正案(六)》第六条疑难问题研析——兼论妨害清算罪

针对日益严重的破产欺诈行为,《刑法修正案（六）》第六条新规定了虚假破产犯罪。在司法机关对罪名做出司法解释之前,理论界对于此罪名的表述不同。论文从犯罪主体、犯罪主观方面、犯罪客观方面以及犯罪客体四个方面对虚假破产罪的构成要件进行了分析。并借鉴国外的立法,对虚假破产犯罪的刑事责任进行了评析。     

辨析偶然防卫

偶然防卫问题是法学理论和司法实践无法回避的问题。偶然防卫不属于正当防卫,也不属于认识错误的范畴。偶然防卫应当以既遂犯处罚,其偶然阻止不法侵害的效果可以作为量刑从宽的理由。     

侵犯知识产权犯罪的立法完善

应该进一步严密刑事法网,增设新的侵犯知识产权犯罪,或者将一些具体的危害行为犯罪化以丰富现有犯罪的内涵;在入罪的门槛方面,应设定科学的、规范的入罪标准;缩小侵犯知识产权犯罪与一般侵犯财产犯罪的入罪门槛差异;将严重的侵犯知识产权犯罪的法定最高刑提高到15年有期徒刑;增设没收财产刑;增设资格刑:对单位犯罪和自然人犯罪在定罪与处刑上适用基本相同的标准。     

基于司法大数据的生态环境犯罪刑法惩治分析

生态文明建设是我国社会主义现代化建设的重要组成部分。依法惩治生态环境犯罪是保障生态文明建设的重要手段。文章基于司法大数据对我国刑法规定的生态环境犯罪的发案情况、基本样态、核心成因与治理之策等进行了统计与分析。研究表明,运用刑法手段惩治生态环境犯罪在我国取得了初步效能,尽管污染环境罪等典型生态环境犯罪的发案率近年来处于冲高回落阶段;但由于仍处于工业化进程中,人民群众的生产、生活与生态要素的交互在空间与密度上依然广泛与密集;基于刑法惩治所压制的生态环境犯罪发案与犯罪的原始动能之间仍呈现出一定的二元离散;部分生态环境犯罪发案显示出犯罪人基于生活利益而获取自然资源的客观情形在一定时空范围内依然存在;提升刑法治理生态环境犯罪的效能尚需多方参与、多元共治、多维提升,从而努力实现人民群众生产、生活质量与生态文明建设的同步高质量发展。就微观层面而言,基于司法大数据的统计分析表明,由于新冠疫情防控政策等公共政策的影响,自2020年以来我国生态环境犯罪的发案数量呈现出巨大下降。但需明确的是,此种下降具有强烈的外部性与暂时性,在本质上是由于人民群众基于居家不出而形成的。随着新冠疫情防控政策的常态化、精准化,...     

试论技术预见在自主创新中的作用

技术预见是对于未来较长时期的科学技术、经济和社会发展的系统研究,它有别于技术预测,遵循所谓的"5C"原则。技术预见符合当代技术创新的发展的新要求,在自主创新中能起到战略导航系统的作用。技术预见能提升区域自主创新能力,预测能形成自主知识产权的关键技术和最有可能实现产业化的技术项目,为制定区域科技发展规划、实现区域经济跨越式发展提供依据。