地区工业生产率差异和收敛——中国加入WTO前后的对比分析

运用一种动态的方法(Malmquist生产率指数)实证分析了中国各地区的工业生产率,以各地区的工业增加值为变量,使用收敛技术(σ收敛和β收敛)分析了各地区间工业经济发展差异的变化,最后分别以1995—2001年和2002—2011年为两个样本期,分析加入WTO对中国工业经济发展存在的影响。     

上市公司ESG信息强制性披露：制度优势、法理基础与实现路径

随着ESG投资的兴起,上市公司ESG信息应否强制性披露成为全球主要资本市场的重要议题。ESG信息强制性披露有降低信息成本和提高信息质量的制度优势,但我国选择该模式并将其制度化的法理基础及实现路径还有待探讨。社会系统论视角下风险规制的需要和证券法中信息“重大性”标准的适用可成为ESG信息强制性披露的正当性基础。ESG信息强制性披露制度的构建,可在将重要ESG信息解释为证券法框架下重大信息的基础上,通过证监会制定基本原则、证券交易所设计具体规则形成结构化披露规则体系;宜区分以满足投资者决策需要为中心的ESG理念和以关照利益相关者诉求为核心的公司社会责任理念,分两步建立ESG信息披露框架和标准;充分考虑上市公司合规成本,推行渐进式实现方案。     

格式条款规制标准研究

目的/意义 平台经营者掌握着优势的规制权力,且可能对平台内经营者实施排他、歧视和剥削等不合理限制交易的行为,直接损害平台内经营者的合法权益,阻碍平台市场的自由和公平竞争,迫切需要法律规制。 设计/方法 通过对《电子商务法》实施前的法律规制体系梳理,可知平台经营者不合理限制交易的格式条款规制和竞争法规制兼存在漏洞。一方面,提示说明义务弱化、公平原则适用困难、平台规则备案审查作用有限,使格式条款规制体系无力应对;另一方面,不合理限制交易行为难以被《反垄断法》和《反不正当竞争法》规制体系完全覆盖。 结论/发现 《电子商务法》第35条通过设置不合理限制交易的“禁止+合理抗辩”条款,专门规定行政法律责任,是对平台经营者不合理限制交易法律规制的发展。《电子商务法》第35条所蕴含的“相对优势地位”“不合理限制”“明显不合理限制”等关键实施要点,有待进一步丰富、充实。     

新课程标准下的音乐教师从教能力结构探析

本文以新的课程标准为基础,并以全新的理念、全新的思维、全新的方式对音乐教师的从教能力进行全新的解读。     

《三联生活周刊》小图标游离背后的深思考——兼对杂志尾标规范及应用初探

出现在杂志文章结尾处、一般占一个字符大小的小图标在本文之与未进入杂志编辑排版命名和认识的范畴。杂志“尾标”概念的提出,即是为有意识利用和规范使用提供一个前提,以杜绝由于“尾标”使用不规范而引起的杂志的法律与诚信危机,同时更具建设性的应用于杂志品牌文化系统的构建和表现。     

Using a mixture model for multiple imputation in the presence of outliers: the 'Healthy for life' project

Summary.  We consider the problem of obtaining population-based inference in the presence of missing data and outliers in the context of estimating the prevalence of obesity and body mass index measures from the 'Healthy for life' study. Identifying multiple outliers in a multivariate setting is problematic because of problems such as masking, in which groups of outliers inflate the covariance matrix in a fashion that prevents their identification when included, and swamping, in which outliers skew covariances in a fashion that makes non-outlying observations appear to be outliers. We develop a latent class model that assumes that each observation belongs to one of K unobserved latent classes, with each latent class having a distinct covariance matrix. We consider the latent class covariance matrix with the largest determinant to form an 'outlier class'. By separating the covariance matrix for the outliers from the covariance matrices for the remainder of the data, we avoid the problems of masking and swamping. As did Ghosh-Dastidar and Schafer, we use a multiple-imputation approach, which allows us simultaneously to conduct inference after removing cases that appear to be outliers and to promulgate uncertainty in the outlier status through the model inference. We extend the work of Ghosh-Dastidar and Schafer by embedding the outlier class in a larger mixture model, consider penalized likelihood and posterior predictive distributions to assess model choice and model fit, and develop the model in a fashion to account for the complex sample design. We also consider the repeated sampling properties of the multiple imputation removal of outliers.     

腐败的主观测评方法——以腐败感知指数为例

腐败测评是反腐败研究的重要组成部分,中国的腐败测评体系亟待发展。腐败测评有主观测评法和客观测评法两种研究思路。从统计机理和统计应用情况看,腐败的主观测评方法处于腐败测评研究的主流地位。本文介绍了腐败主观测评方法的基本思路、研究进展,并以腐败感知指数为例对其理论与应用情况进行了说明。     

Tests for assessment of agreement using probability criteria

For the assessment of agreement using probability criteria, we obtain an exact test, and for sample sizes exceeding 30, we give a bootstrap-t$t$ test that is remarkably accurate. We show that for assessing agreement, the total deviation index approach of Lin [2000. Total deviation index for measuring individual agreement with applications in laboratory performance and bioequivalence. Statist. Med. 19, 255–270] is not consistent and may not preserve its asymptotic nominal level, and that the coverage probability approach of Lin et al. [2002. Statistical methods in assessing agreement: models, issues and tools. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 97, 257–270] is overly conservative for moderate sample sizes. We also show that the nearly unbiased test of Wang and Hwang [2001. A nearly unbiased test for individual bioequivalence problems using probability criteria. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 99, 41–58] may be liberal for large sample sizes, and suggest a minor modification that gives numerically equivalent approximation to the exact test for sample sizes 30 or less. We present a simple and accurate sample size formula for planning studies on assessing agreement, and illustrate our methodology with a real data set from the literature.     

区域主导产业评价指标与数学模型

以现有研究成果为基础,建立了区域主导产业评价指标体系;基于灰色聚类的思想,提出了评价区域主导产业优度的数学模型-定权聚类评估模型,并对河南省武陟县工业主导产业选择进行了实证研究。     

The zero-inflated Poisson model and the decayed, missing and filled teeth index in dental epidemiology

For frequency counts, the situation of extra zeros often arises in biomedical applications. This is demonstrated with count data from a dental epidemiological study in Belo Horizonte (the Belo Horizonte caries prevention study) which evaluated various programmes for reducing caries. Extra zeros, however, violate the variance–mean relationship of the Poisson error structure. This extra-Poisson variation can easily be explained by a special mixture model, the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model. On the basis of the ZIP model, a graphical device is presented which not only summarizes the mixing distribution but also provides visual information about the overall mean. This device can be exploited to evaluate and compare various groups. Ways are discussed to include covariates and to develop an extension of the conventional Poisson regression. Finally, a method to evaluate intervention effects on the basis of the ZIP regression model is described and applied to the data of the Belo Horizonte caries prevention study.