On the generalized process capability under simple and mixture models

Process capability (PC) indices measure the ability of a process of interest to meet the desired specifications under certain restrictions. There are a variety of capability indices available in literature for different interest variables such as weights, lengths, thickness, and the life time of items among many others. The goal of this article is to study the generalized capability indices from the Bayesian view point under different symmetric and asymmetric loss functions for the simple and mixture of generalized lifetime models. For our study purposes, we have covered a simple and two component mixture of Maxwell distribution as a special case of the generalized class of models. A comparative discussion of the PC with the mixture models under Laplace and inverse Rayleigh are also included. Bayesian point estimation of maintenance performance of the system is also part of the study (considering the Maxwell failure lifetime model and the repair time model). A real-life example is also included to illustrate the procedural details of the proposed method.     

基于失效情景的应急设施选址评估指标体系与模型

突发事件具有巨大的破坏性、不确定性,应急设施有可能失效,本文研究基于失效情景的应急设施选址评估指标体系与评估模型。首先基于定义的失效情景研究应急设施选址评估指标。构建全局性、可靠性、时效性、均衡性、经济性评估指标。可靠性作为重要评估指标有助于提高应急设施对需求区域的物资保障程度,保证系统的稳定性,采用多重覆盖率刻画。然后,设计具有不同侧重评估目标的一般情景评估指标体系、设施失效情景评估指标体系以及多区域情景评估指标体系。最后,由于应急设施选址评估具有多影响因素特征,涉及输入和输出多个指标的测度,选取处理多输入\多输出问题具有优势的评估方法—数据包络法,对应急设施选址的合理性进行评估。实例验证评估指标体系的实用性和有效性。     

Sample size determination for estimating multivariate process capability indices based on lower confidence limits

With the advent of modern technology, manufacturing processes have become very sophisticated; a single quality characteristic can no longer reflect a product's quality. In order to establish performance measures for evaluating the capability of a multivariate manufacturing process, several new multivariate capability (NMC) indices, such as NMC _p and NMC _pm , have been developed over the past few years. However, the sample size determination for multivariate process capability indices has not been thoroughly considered in previous studies. Generally, the larger the sample size, the more accurate an estimation will be. However, too large a sample size may result in excessive costs. Hence, the trade-off between sample size and precision in estimation is a critical issue. In this paper, the lower confidence limits of NMC _p and NMC _pm indices are used to determine the appropriate sample size. Moreover, a procedure for conducting the multivariate process capability study is provided. Finally, two numerical examples are given to demonstrate that the proper determination of sample size for multivariate process indices can achieve a good balance between sampling costs and estimation precision.     

Measuring trends in child well-being: an evidence-based approach

This paper first reviews the goals of the founding documents of the social indicators and quality-of-life movements of the 1960s and 1970s. It next describes the current state of knowledge with respect to the founding goals of this field. The focus then turns to the topic of measuring changes in child and youth well-being in the United States over the past few decades. In particular, the evidence-based approach used in the construction of the recently developed composite Child and Youth Well-Being Index (CWI) is described. Some findings from the CWI regarding changes in child and youth well-being in the period 1975–2004 are reported. Trends in the CWI then are compared with data on trends in subjective well-being of high school seniors – similarities of trends in these two series provide validating support for the interpretation of the CWI as an index of changes in the quality-of-life of children and youth. Using data on some additional indicator series, most of which were initiated in the 1990s, an Expanded CWI is then described. The qualitative pattern of change in the expanded CWI is shown to be similar to that of the basic CWI, except that the expanded CWI shows a more pronounced decline in the early-1990s and a slower rate of improvement into the early-2000s. The paper concludes with some possible directions for future work. Revision of a paper presented at the Measuring Child Well-Being: The Pros and Cons of Composite Indices Session, American Statistical Association Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, August 7–11, 2005. We thank Kristin Moore for useful comments. The research on the Child and Youth Well-Being Index reported herein was supported by a grant from the Foundation for Child Development.     

Indicators and Indices of Child Well-being: A Brief American History

This paper traces the history of indicators and indices of child well-being from its origins in the social indicator movement of the 1970s through recent developments in the field. Initial work calling for comprehensive sets of indicators of child well-being and later recommendations for indicator improvement are detailed. Products that resulted from these recommendations, such as comprehensive indicator reports and online resources are described. The development of child well-being indices is shown to parallel the history of indicators. The contributions of state and international indicator and index projects are included as well. Important aspects of child well-being indicator development are uncovered through documenting its history, including the need to focus on subjective as well as objective measures of well-being, and the need to develop indicators for the multiple ecological contexts of children’s lives, but to separate measures of context from measures of child outcomes. A rough consensus emerges across the history of indicator efforts on the critical domains of child well-being: physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and economic well-being. Recent recognition of the importance of indicators of positive development is noted. This paper was funded by the KIDS COUNT project of the Annie E. Casey Foundation.     

鄱阳湖区土地利用时空变化特征研究

以鄱阳湖区为研究对象,在遥感与地理信息系统、土地利用变化指数计算模型、相关分析法等技术与方法的支持下,通过土地利用变化指数分析鄱阳湖区土地利用变化特征.结果表明:草地与耕地的单一土地利用动态度最大,每年约有0.6%的草地景观发生了变化,约有0.3%的耕地景观发生了变化;水体与未利用地景观的稳定性最好,每年发生变化的仅有0.05%左右.就综合土地利用动态度而言,南昌县为最高,每年有近4.9%的土地利用景观类型发生了变化;进贤县为最小,每年只有约0.046%的土地利用景观类型发生了变化.土地综合动态与国内生产总值和财政总收入有较好的相关性,由于受到退耕还林、退田还湖等土地政策的影响,鄱阳湖区的土地利用程度综合指数2004年较1992年略有下降.     

基于AHP方法的开发区土地集约利用评价研究

开发区土地集约利用评价工作已经在全国启动,论文以江苏省某省级开发区——S县经济开发区为例,构建了包含4大层次14个具体指标的土地集约利用评价指标体系,运用AHP方法分别确定各层次指标的权重,据此测算出该开发区的土地集约利用水平。论文最后对评价结果进行了分析,并探讨了开发区土地集约利用过程中亟待解决的主要问题。     

Re-parameterization of multinomial distributions and diversity indices

It is shown in this paper that the parameters of a multinomial distribution may be re-parameterized as a set of generalized Simpson's diversity indices. There are two important elements in the generalization: (1) Simpson's diversity index is extended to populations with infinite species; (2) weighting schemes are incorporated. A class of unbiased estimators for the generalized Simpson's biodiversity indices is proposed. Asymptotic normality is established for the estimators. Both the unbiasedness and the asymptotic normality of the estimators hold for all three cases of the number of species in the population: infinite, finite and known, and finite but unknown. In the case of a population with a finite number of species, known or unknown, it is also established that the proposed estimators are uniformly minimum variance unbiased and are asymptotically efficient.     

三明市农业现代化发展进程评估

在探讨我国农业现代化内涵的基础上 ,论证了福建省现代农业发展战略研究课题组所编写的农业现代化测试指标体系的科学性 ,然后按照该指标体系对三明市农业进行了测评。测评表明 :三明市农业目前处于农业现代化起步阶段 ;到 2 0 2 0年将基本实现农业现代     

养殖大菱鲆血细胞形态和相关生理指标的测定

研究了大菱鲆血细胞的类型、形态以及血液生理学指标.大菱鲆的血细胞可区分为红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和血栓细胞5种类型,没有发现嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞.在白细胞中,血栓细胞和小淋巴细胞较小,嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞较大.血细胞计数测得红细胞密度为(2.73±0.22)×106个/mm3,白细胞密度为(1.79±0.25)×104个/mm3.淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和血栓细胞在白细胞中所占的比例分别为:(24.72±6.26)%,(5.26±1.95)%,(13.45±3.31)%和(56.60±9.52)%.血红蛋白含量为(6.63±0.58)g/100mL,红细胞渗透脆性为(0.38±0.04)%NaCl,凝血时间为(80±12)s.