Strong consistency of least squares estimates with i.i.d. errors with mean values not necessarily defined

We establish strong consistency of the least squares estimates in multiple regression models discarding the usual assumption of the errors having null mean value. Thus, we required them to be i.i.d. with absolute moment of order r, 0<r<2, and null mean value when r>1. Only moderately restrictive conditions are imposed on the model matrix. In our treatment, we use an extension of the Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund strong law to overcome the errors mean value not being defined. In this way, we get a unified treatment for the case of i.i.d. errors extending the results of some previous papers.     

Risk Perception: Reflections on 40 Years of Research

Numerous studies and practical experiences with risk have demonstrated the importance of risk perceptions for people's behavior. In this narrative review, we describe and reflect upon some of the lines of research that we feel have been important in helping us understand the factors and processes that shape people's risk perceptions. In our review, we propose that much of the research on risk perceptions to date can be grouped according to three dominant perspectives and, thus, approaches to study design; they are: the characteristics of hazards, the characteristics of risk perceivers, and the application of heuristics to inform risk judgments. In making these distinctions, we also highlight what we see as outstanding challenges for researchers and practitioners. We also highlight a few new research questions that we feel warrant attention.     

Generational conflict and provisions for the elderly in Hong Kong: The relevance of position‐based interest and values

Respect for the elderly and hence the associated rights support a generational contract. Nevertheless, the case of the recent debate on the universal retirement scheme in Hong Kong has raised concerns about its strength. We identify relevant items from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey to explore the orientations of different generations toward others. The analysis shows differences between younger and older generations. Regression analyses show that values are not significant in explaining the differences, but various positions, including sex, marital status, and education, and perceptions of the elderly are relevant. Such differences across generations might weaken the generational contract and potentially engender conflicts as shown in the recent debate about the retirement scheme. We suggest short‐ and long‐term interest calculations, informed by their positions, play a more significant role in policy discussions and decisions, rather than simply appealing to values.     

National Culture on the Cross-National Variation of Homicide: An Empirical Application of the Inglehart–Welzel Cultural Map

Although there has been a growing literature on the effects of culture on the cross-national variation of homicide, this literature remains limited in the operationalization of national culture as well as in the modeling of the cultural effects. Adopting a multidimensional measure of national culture developed in the World Values Survey, this study examines the effects of various aspects of national culture, as well as their interaction, on the cross-national variation of homicide. The findings of this study provide evidence for the effect of national culture on homicide variation across countries while painting a more complex picture about the potential mechanisms of these effects.     

‘Some have ideologies,we have values’: the relationship between organizational values and commitment in a political party

ABSTRACT

This paper seeks to advance the study of organizational values by analyzing the role of values in a Danish political party called The Alternative, a party claiming to be guided by values rather than ideology. Inspired by recent work in organizational psychology, I group The Alternative’s values into two categories: vision values and humanity values. Through an empirical investigation, I show how the vision values encourage members to take initiative in realizing their own political ideas, while the humanity values encourage them to remain morally inclusive towards people with different views. The combination of vision and humanity values allows The Alternative to maintain commitment from members who might otherwise feel marginalized by the emergence of dominant ideas within the party. The paper’s contribution consists in highlighting the importance of using qualitative methods to study how values influence commitment and to expose the political dimension of this relationship.     

Measuring and framing support for universal basic income

We execute an original survey experiment to examine the extent and determinants of support for a nascent policy issue, universal basic income (UBI), in the American public. We explore the effects of how UBI is framed (either in the context of values or the context of policy), finding three key results. First, UBI is primarily a Democratic and liberal policy. Second, negative arguments against UBI move support for UBI more than positive arguments. Third, and surprisingly, respondents are equally affected by both policy-driven and value-driven arguments about UBI. In conclusion, an increase in messaging about UBI is likely to widen existing partisan differences in UBI support. These differences are unlikely to be won over by policy or values arguments.     

社会主义核心价值观视角下高校“精神扶贫”路径探析

通过论述社会主义核心价值观视角下高校“精神扶贫”的内涵，阐明了二者间的契合性及用社会主义核心价值观指导高校精神扶贫工作的必要性，探索了社会主义核心价值观对“精神扶贫”工作顶层设计的意义，并用社会主义核心价值观指引“文化扶贫”“心理调适”“技能培训”等路径，旨在进一步提升高校“精神扶贫”的实效性。     

生态学马克思主义对生态价值观的重构

西方“深绿”思潮把人类中心主义价值观看作是当代生态危机的根源,强调只有破除人类中心主义价值观,确立以“自然价值论”和“自然权利论”为主要内容的生态中心主义价值观,才能解决生态危机。西方“浅绿”思潮在为人类中心主义价值观作辩护的同时,对近代强式人类中心主义价值观做了必要的修正,最终形成以“开明的人类中心主义”和“弱式人类中心主义”为主要内容的现代人类中心主义价值观。西方“红绿”思潮中的有机马克思主义则批判现代性价值体系本质上是一种漠视人类之外的存在物的价值和利益的人类中心主义,由此必然导致人类与自然关系的扭曲和生态危机,因此应当以承认自然存在物的内在价值为前提,展开共同体价值观培育的有机教育。“红绿”思潮中的生态学马克思主义则是在批判“深绿”和“浅绿”思潮所主张的生态价值观的基础上,重建了“人类中心主义价值观”和“生态中心主义价值观”,但他们与“深绿”、“浅绿”思潮的本质区别在于他们重建的两种价值观始终是与对资本主义制度和生产方式的批判联系在一起的。     

中华传统核心价值观的历史变迁与传承

中华传统核心价值观内涵丰富、自成系统,具有强大的吸附力,其在社会转型的过程中不断自我更新与成长.以儒家思想为代表的传统文化体系其强大之处在于,它能构建出既深不可测的神圣信仰又接地气的操作手册,能够真正代表中华民族的精神生活、能够表现出士子的哲学思想并以此区别于他族别国的思想与价值特质.中华传统核心价值观与社会主义核心价值观是继承和创新的关系.