试论“普世价值”

人们所说的“普世价值”概念是多义的,可以分为客观形态的普世价值与观念形态的普世价值。对于所有人来说,其跟外界客体的普遍价值关系,由此而言的普世价值,是确实客观存在的。人类能够持续生存和发展,就依赖于这种具有极大普遍性的普世价值。但是,观念形态的普世价值却是不可能产生和存在的。不过,某些人在一定范围内、一定问题上的确可以达成某种价值共识,这不仅是可能的,而且也是必要的。     

新加坡共同价值观教育评介

新加坡是一个十分重视价值观教育的国家。其共同价值观教育的内容是＂国家至上,社会为先;家庭为根,社会为本;社会关怀,尊重个人;协商共识,避免冲突;种族和谐,宗教宽容＂。教育实施的途径主要有学校教育、家庭教育、社会教育和社会管理等,其中学校教育是共同价值观教育实施的主渠道,家庭教育是教育实施的重要基础,社会教育是教育实施的重要途径,社会管理是教育的有力补充。重视社会主义核心价值体系教育,并将它落到实处;加强社会主义核心价值体系教育的教材与课程建设,切实抓好学校教育环节;将社会主义核心价值体系教育贯穿到家庭和社区,切实抓好家庭教育环节和社区教育环节是新加坡共同价值观教育带给我们的重要启示。     

中国社会主义价值观特性分析

中国社会主义价值观是对马克思主义价值观的继承和发展,是以世界社会主义国家发展实况为背景,以中国社会主义发展为依据,坚持把人的全面而自由的发展作为出发点和归宿适时提出的主导价值理论。对比传统社会主义价值观,现阶段中国社会主义价值观的特点主要表现为：价值结构的合理性,价值途径的实效性,价值目标的现实性,价值原则的民本性。     

小康社会独立指标评价体系及评价标准

党的十六大提出了全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标。基于此,我们以1995年国家制定的《全国小康生活水平基本标准》中的原有指标为基础,综合考察社会各方面因素,选取一些新的宏观指标,通过指标间的相关分析,找出不相关的指标或不相关指标组合,建立一套科学、系统和具有时代特征的指标评价体系。同时,以我国社会的发展实际为基础确定相应的标准,用于衡量"全面建设小康社会"的实现进程和进行预测。     

中国共产党的集体主义价值观：演进、实践与要求

集体主义价值观是中国共产党在长期革命、建设和改革过程中形成的立党立国的重要思想。作为一个历史范畴,党的集体主义价值观在不同历史时期演进为不同形态。在构建集体主义价值观的过程中,党坚持多元融合的教育方法,积极开展劳动教育,要求始终坚持党的领导。这是党在百年征程中积累的有效教育经验,为保证集体主义价值观的生机活力提供了坚实保障。新时代对继续弘扬集体主义价值观提出了与时俱进的新要求,党要始终坚持以人民为中心的发展思想,坚持理论创新,持续推进马克思主义中国化、时代化。     

国家治理视野中的核心价值:基于文化资本的考察

文化资本是指主体自身所累积起来的文化能力,个人和国家的生存与发展中都存在着文化资本的问题.对于一个现代国家的发展来说,文化资本的累积过程也是文化资本的创造和发展过程.国家自身所积累起来的文化品性将直接影响国家能力建设,而作为中国文化传统的整合与转换是国家借助文化资本来提高其治理能力的重要途径,进而实现国家核心价值的有效建构.     

Extreme value and cluster analysis of European daily temperature series

Time series of daily mean temperature obtained from the European Climate Assessment data set is analyzed with respect to their extremal properties. A time-series clustering approach which combines Bayesian methodology, extreme value theory and classification techniques is adopted for the analysis of the regional variability of temperature extremes. The daily mean temperature records are clustered on the basis of their corresponding predictive distributions for 25-, 50- and 100-year return values. The results of the cluster analysis show a clear distinction between the highest altitude stations, for which the return values are lowest, and the remaining stations. Furthermore, a clear distinction is also found between the northernmost stations in Scandinavia and the stations in central and southern Europe. This spatial structure of the return period distributions for 25-, 50- and 100-years seems to be consistent with projected changes in the variability of temperature extremes over Europe pointing to a different behavior in central Europe than in northern Europe and the Mediterranean area, possibly related to the effect of soil moisture and land-atmosphere coupling.     

Coupon collector's problem and generalized Pareto distributions

Let N_n={1,2,…,n}. We sample with replacement from the set N_n assuming that each element has probability 1/n of being drawn. Let M_n be the waiting time determined by certain stoping rules in the coupon collector's problem. We investigate models for the asymptotic behavior of the excesses of M_n over the high thresholds.     

拜物主义的形成根源及其治理对策

针对当下社会中存在的奢靡风气、拜物主义现象,通过分析拜物主义基本特征、探索其历史根源,提出相应的治理对策。分析认为,当前社会中形成拜物观的主要原因在于曾经存在的物质匮乏的历史、当今经济的快速增长以及消费时代的到来。为此,需要人们树立居安思危的社会意识和建立合理而健康的人生观和价值观,学习古人尚俭的品质、进行心理疏导,优化消费环境,从而走出拜物主义的误区。     

Value orientations of social welfare policy structures

Substantial literature exists around the variation of welfare policy development in liberal democracies. The contrast of the American welfare state to those in Europe has sparked significant analytical literature about which factors are most significant in the variation. The literature extensively examines many of these factors but has neglected the significance of social values. This article discusses values and policy development as a foundation for further studies linking specific values to policy and institutional development. First, I discuss theorists who have identified value orientation as significant to welfare state variation; second, I review the major comparative welfare state literature. Finally, I discuss the major variation categories through the lens of social values by identifying the significant value orientation of sample policy structures. Comparative welfare state literature benefits from elucidating the values orientation of welfare policies that define the welfare state typological categories. Including the role of social values in welfare state comparisons promotes greater understanding of the origins and trajectory of current policy. Key Practitioner Message: ● Increase understanding of welfare state variation factors; ● Frame questions about social values reflected in social policy.