How socialization goals and peer social climate predict young children's concern for others: Evidence for a development shift between 2 and 4 years of age

Children's concern for others is shaped through socialization, but current theories make different predictions as to how and when in development this socializing occurs. Here we found that mothers' prosocial socialization goals (SGs) predicted concern for others in 2‐year‐old (n = 804) and 4‐year‐old (n = 714) children. In contrast, preschool teachers' SGs predicted concern for others only for 4‐year‐old children. In addition, a positive social climate among classroom peers predicted 4‐year‐olds' prosociality. These results suggest that the nuclear family environment impacts toddlers' concern for others before the broader social environment shapes their prosociality at preschool age.     

健康传播中的反哺效应：代际沟通对中老年人传染病防控行为的影响研究

代际沟通对中老年人健康信息获取及健康行为有重要影响。问卷调查结果显示,家庭沟通范式（对话型/妥协型）与新冠肺炎疫情沟通话题以及中老年人的防疫行为相关,且沟通话题在家庭沟通模式与中老年人防疫行为、消极情绪的关系中起中介作用。其中,代际沟通中的病毒知识类话题在沟通模式和中老年人防疫行为改变的关系中起中介作用;分歧类话题在妥协取向的沟通模式与中老年人消极情绪的关系中起中介作用。年轻人对中老年人的数字反哺可显著影响中老年人的健康行为改变及情绪调节,对中老年对象的疾病防控、健康素养提升有积极意义,应引起社会的足够重视。     

Political non-participation in elections,civic life and social movements

This article reviews existing theory and research on political non-participation. Spanning the electoral, civic and social movement spheres, it critically compares the different conceptual tools that have been employed to explain why individuals might not participate in politics. This includes the study of rational choice, political socialisation, social networks and political emotions. In doing, this article identifies opportunities for a more holistic approach to studying non-participation across multiple fields and contexts in the social sciences.     

The family as gender and sexuality factory: A review of the literature and future directions

Early theorists understood the family as a key institution in the production of gender and sexuality. In this paper, I trace the development of this line of thought and review parents' role in shaping children's gender and sexuality over the life course. I first describe the three most prominent theoretical frameworks used to locate parents in these studies: psychoanalysis, socialization, and interactional approaches. In doing so, I illuminate the contributions of each theory to sociological thought on children's gender and sexuality while pointing to weaknesses with psychoanalysis and socialization. I then discuss how parents influence children's development and performance of gender and heterosexuality, paying attention to variations based on race, class, gender, and sexuality. Based on the current state of the literature, I suggest that we sociologists should diversify our methodological approaches in this area, attend to how changes in families correspond to changes in parents' role in shaping children's gender and sexuality, and grapple with how children's performances of gender and sexuality influence parents' performances of gender and sexuality.     

试论霍布斯法哲学思想之思维方式

自古典以来对人的动物性与理性的双重理解,导致自然法概念的双重内涵,这是至少自西塞罗始就是欧洲国家学说与法哲学中固定的组成部分;而人原本就有自然本性的欲望推动以及自然理性的认知能力,这也是古典哲学以及罗马法就已经阐释与分析的人的自然本性概念的双重内涵的人本源泉;霍布斯的自然法概念上袭古典亦有双重的内涵域,一方面,在被人的自私欲望所统治的自然状态中依然有“法”的存在,因而要克服人的自私欲望的推动;另一方面,尽管自然状态中存在着法,然而也依然存在着由理性所掌控的自然法则,而这样的自然法则应当成为立法的对象,由此,霍布斯认为,国家应当具有的任务就是实现自然法。本文重点探讨这一思想之思维方式。     

Implicit Theories of Marital Relationships: A Grounded Theory of Socialization Influences

A qualitative study was conducted in an Eastern European university, involving 16 participants from functional and dysfunctional families who participated in semistructured interviews about the development of their implicit theories of a happy marital relationship. The students shared their ideas of a happy marriage, their parents’ marriage, including the level of happiness, conflict and other issues, what they thought were major influences on the formation of their ideas of marriage including exploration of the role of fiction media. The following major socialization influences emerged as themes: parental relationship, individual parental characteristics, observation of other relationships, gender role ideology, education, media, and experiences of own relationships.     

Race Identity and Race Socialization in African American Families

Abstract

In recent decades, theoretical and empirical efforts have enhanced our understanding of race identity and race socialization in African American families. This review of that literature identifies ways in which this growing knowledge base might assist social workers who work with African Americans. Prominent theories of race identity are outlined with a brief summary of research that has found linkages between race identity and well-being. Race socialization is defined and research investigating age, gender, and social class differences in socialization are discussed. Finally, research that examines the consequences of race socialization for psychological adjustment, academic achievement, and identity development is summarized, along with recommendations for social workers.     

高校内部经济体制改革探讨

为提高高校适应市场经济和自我发展能力 ,确保高校健康、持续发展 ,高校内部经济体制的改革已势在必行。后勤社会化、分配制度、用人机制和财务管理的改革是高校内部经济体制改革的主要方面     

论篮球的个人防守意识

阐述了篮球意识中“个人防守意识”的内容、形成过程和影响因素,结合篮球运动的发展规律、趋势及个人的实践经验,提出了在篮球教学训练中,从防对手摆脱接球、防对手投篮、防无球队员等8个方面,培养篮球运动员“个人防守意识”的方法.     

非公有制经济人士在构建和谐社会中的责任

和谐社会是一个有责任的社会。非公有制经济人士作为和谐社会的建设者之一,应履行自己在构建和谐社会中应尽的社会责任。本文根据民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的精神,探讨了非公有制经济人士在构建和谐社会过程中应尽的社会责任。