货币政策非对称性与惰性区域的识别和检验

在对货币当局政策偏好分析的基础上,构建更为一般的货币政策反应模型,用于识别名义利率对通胀缺口和产出缺口的非线性和非对称调整特征以及货币政策对通货膨胀和产出变化的惰性属性。采用7天期银行间同业拆借加权平均利率作为名义利率的代理变量,对上述货币政策反应模型进行广义矩估计,并对参数进行约束检验。研究结果表明,中国货币政策对通货膨胀的调整存在明显的惰性区域,即当通货膨胀率在目标通货膨胀率的较小范围内波动时,利率并未针对通货膨胀与目标通货膨胀率的偏离做出调整,而当通货膨胀率与目标通货膨胀率的偏离(即通胀缺口)超过惰性区域时,货币当局开始针对通胀缺口调整利率,并且随着通胀缺口的增大,利率对通货膨胀的反应越来越强烈,存在明显的非线性调整特征。     

基于通货膨胀和风险偏好视角的资产配置研究

不确定条件下的资产配置问题无论对于学术研究还是投资行为都具有重大的理论和实际意义。本文选取广义范围上的现金、股票、债券作为投资者进行资产配置的产品,在CRRA(Constant Relative Risk Aversion)和HARA(Hyperbolic Absolute Risk Aversion)两种偏好假设下,分别求出了投资者效用最大化时的最优财富以及最优资产组合中各资产的权重,并比较分析了两种偏好假设下通货膨胀、风险偏好、投资期限三种因素对资产配置的影响。研究结论表明:通货膨胀会影响股票和债券的风险溢价,进而影响最优资产组合中各资产的权重;股票的权重不会受投资期限的影响,在通货膨胀率和风险偏好不变时,其值始终为一常数,但债券和现金的权重则由投资期限、通货膨胀和风险偏好共同决定;此外,在CRRA和HARA偏好假设下,以上三种因素对资产配置的影响存在较大差异,特别是在HARA框架下存在买空行为。     

我国通胀预期与通胀的动态关联性——基于宏观金融模型的研究

通胀预期问题已成为当前和下一阶段我国经济发展中必须关注的问题。本文对我国不同期限国债的名义和实际收益建立了含有宏观因子和潜在因子的仿射无套利模型,从通胀补偿中分解出了通胀预期。研究认为:分解出的短期和中期通胀预期与通胀率的动态关联性较强,而长期通胀预期和通胀率的动态关联性较弱;各期限通胀预期都不是理性预期,但中期和长期预期是适应性预期;发现CPI是影响通胀预期的最重要因素,其影响效果随着期限增加而增大;存款利率对通胀预期的影响效果次之,对短期和中期预期有正向影响,且随期限增加而减小,对长期预期有负向影响,且随期限增加而增大;但M2对通胀预期的影响并不显著;短期和中期通胀预期的事前和事后预测能力都优于央行调查预期。     

Analyzing propensity matched zero-inflated count outcomes in observational studies

Determining the effectiveness of different treatments from observational data, which are characterized by imbalance between groups due to lack of randomization, is challenging. Propensity matching is often used to rectify imbalances among prognostic variables. However, there are no guidelines on how appropriately to analyze group matched data when the outcome is a zero-inflated count. In addition, there is debate over whether to account for correlation of responses induced by matching and/or whether to adjust for variables used in generating the propensity score in the final analysis. The aim of this research is to compare covariate unadjusted and adjusted zero-inflated Poisson models that do and do not account for the correlation. A simulation study is conducted, demonstrating that it is necessary to adjust for potential residual confounding, but that accounting for correlation is less important. The methods are applied to a biomedical research data set.     

Bayesian zero-inflated generalized Poisson regression model: estimation and case influence diagnostics

Count data with excess zeros arises in many contexts. Here our concern is to develop a Bayesian analysis for the zero-inflated generalized Poisson (ZIGP) regression model to address this problem. This model provides a useful generalization of zero-inflated Poisson model since the generalized Poisson distribution is overdispersed/underdispersed relative to Poisson. Due to the complexity of the ZIGP model, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to develop a Bayesian procedure for the considered model. Additionally, some discussions on the model selection criteria are presented and a Bayesian case deletion influence diagnostics is investigated for the joint posterior distribution based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence. Finally, a simulation study and a psychological example are given to illustrate our methodology.     

仿射期限结构下贴现债券衍生工具定价研究

利率风险是当代经济生活中的一个越来越重要话题,债券类衍生品作为规避利率风险的主要工具受到人们的青睐.建立了包含通货膨胀、实际利率的动态利牟模型,采用Kalman滤波对模型进行估计的基础上,结合Feynman-Kac 定理和特征函数傅立叶变换的方法,对贴现债券的期权、远期、期货及期货期权等衍生品的价格进行研究并给出详细的数值解.研究的方法和结论对中国经济环境下的投资活动和金融产品定价都具有重要的意义.     

中国现行货币政策框架有效性分析

基于货币政策框架理论,设定了货币目标框架的模型,在此基础上,分析了中国现行货币目标框架的有效性并探讨了中国货币政策框架有效性下降的原因.最后提出了中国应择机渐进导入通货膨胀目标框架的政策建议.     

An empirical approach to determine a threshold for assessing overdispersion in Poisson and negative binomial models for count data

Overdispersion is a problem encountered in the analysis of count data that can lead to invalid inference if unaddressed. Decision about whether data are overdispersed is often reached by checking whether the ratio of the Pearson chi-square statistic to its degrees of freedom is greater than one; however, there is currently no fixed threshold for declaring the need for statistical intervention. We consider simulated cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets containing varying magnitudes of overdispersion caused by outliers or zero inflation, as well as real datasets, to determine an appropriate threshold value of this statistic which indicates when overdispersion should be addressed.     

粘性信息、通货膨胀惯性与货币政策效应——兼论宏观经济变量的共变性

本文通过构建一个企业获取信息存在粘性的DSGE模型,分析了信息当期宣布和提前宣布或预期到信息两种情况下,发生政府支出和货币供应2种冲击时,宏观经济变量的响应,进而研究主要变量间的共变性与先行滞后关系。结果表明,在基准信息粘性条件下,信息即期宣布,面对政府支出和货币供应冲击,通货膨胀的滞后性存在差异,货币供应冲击发生后的8个季度,通货膨胀达到最大,政府支出6个季度,通货膨胀达到最大,通货膨胀在这2种冲击下均存在惯性。名义利率能够对这2种冲击做出即期反应。信息提前宣布时,通货膨胀和名义利率能够做出即期反应,到信息实现时,在充分吸收信息基础上,反应达到最大,然后呈非连续性快速恢复。从频域和时域角度看,名义利率和通货膨胀2个变量均滞后于实际货币供应,因此,当前可以采用即期增加政府支出的积极财政政策和提前宣布增加货币供应的货币政策相结合的组合政策,达到"稳增长"的目标。     

论零通货膨胀均衡与动态一致相容性

一般认为,作为理想规则的零通胀均衡是动态不一致的,然而这里却论述了零通货膨胀率借助无限期界设定下的广泛存在性:无限期界内在经济强制力下的一劳永逸的存在性;无限期界路径依赖下的存在性,这两者都是动态一致的。且在引入外生不确定性的信誉模型中,零通货膨胀均衡无论作为纯策略的随机结果(较大概率)出现,还是作为混合策略的(较小概率)随机结果出现,均是整个最优动态化路径的组成部分,从而仍与动态一致相容。