地域文化与农村“当家权”流变——基于江汉平原桥村的文化社会学考察

通过对江汉平原桥村的田野调查,呈现了一个地缘性村落当家权流变的概貌及特征,其主要表现是当家权掌控者的年轻化和女性化。调查发现,对于农村当家权流变而言,除国家权力介入、话语引导和被市场经济推行所重塑的家计文化奠定的基础性作用之外,地缘性村落社区文化有着重要影响,使当地妇女当家成为普遍共识,同时妇女自身对小家庭经营的投入和责任担当同样为她们掌握当家权赢得了"道德"优势和资本。由此可见,社区文化在重塑当地农村社会新的当家权话语和"当家"文化中发挥了主导作用。     

“人本管理”在班主任工作中的应用

“人本管理”是以人为中心和目的的管理理念和管理模式,其核心和动力就是人以及人的积极性,其本质在于促进人身自由、全面发展为根本目的。班主任工作中“人本管理”应以培养人、人的发展本身为目的和核心,突出学生的主体地位,重视人关怀和道德情感教育,注重创造和谐氛围、加强民主管理、调动学生积极性。     

林森无为而有为的政治智慧

林森在国民党内部派系纷争与军阀混战的乱世中秉持清净无为、与世无争的超然态度,为各派系所认可,因而脱颖而出,荣膺国府主席.在内外交困的民族危亡之时,林森则急流勇进,积极有为,勉力支撑危局.特别在抗日战争中,林森强调全面抗战和持久战,支持国共合作团结抗战,崇尚气节,尽忠救国.同时,林森也恪守"虚位元首"定位,不争权、不逾矩,貌似无为、有意无为,保持平民元首风范.林森以年高德劭之士甘任无实权的国府主席,能够发挥政治均衡器的作用,有利于团结抗战.林森在之所以能够长期坐稳元首之位"领导抗战,功在国家",正是他"方以智,圆而神"的政治智慧的体现.     

国有企业负责人经营业绩考核:制度特征分析与指标维度优化

业绩考核制度是落实企业责任、激发企业活力,并由此推动经济社会运行的重要机制。在对比股东主导和市场主导两种业绩考核逻辑,分析、认知国有企业负责人经营业绩考核制度的基础上,探究了业绩考核制度的本质特征,即国有企业负责人经营业绩考核制度是一项以考核为抓手的产权管理体系,是以目标设定与过程管理为核心的“自驱式”机制设计。强调应唯经营(而非考核)出业绩,并且正向激励与风险容错是业绩考核赋能企业发展的重要属性。现行业绩考核指标体系还难以引导国有企业高质量发展,建议围绕 “产业布局、经营生态、创新驱动、风险管理、财务收益”五个维度进一步优化国有企业负责人经营业绩考核指标,且以年度考核为核心,形成导向明确、相对稳定、可预期的考核指标体系,并赋予企业负责人一定的自由裁量权,以提高考核制度效果,助力中国经济高质量发展。     

妻子是县长——女县长配偶对其身份认同的分析

个体对自身的认知和评价深受社会文化的支配和他人评价的影响,关系越近,影响越大,反之越小。因此,女县长对其身份认同的认识深受其关系最近的人——其配偶的影响。在访谈中发现,女县长配偶对其＂县官＂妻子的身份认同主要取决于自身发展的状况,其中自身职业和年龄是最大的影响因素。     

The neurodevelopmental outcome in infants who have sustained a subdural haemorrhage from non‐accidental head injury

Subdural haemorrhage (SDH) in infants arises most commonly from non‐accidental head injury (NAHI) from shaking. Patients present with a varied severity of illness and a variety of symptoms and signs. Data on long‐term outcome of the survivors are not widely reported. The aim of this paper is to describe the physical and educational outcomes of children <2 years diagnosed with non‐accidental head injury and formulate guidelines on follow‐up. Data on 65 children <2 years with non‐accidental head injury and subdural haemorrhage diagnosed on CT/MRI/postmortem were extracted from the hospital and community notes and education reports. The Kings Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI) was used. Sixteen children died (24.6%), 13 within 6 weeks and three 5 years after the injury. Of the 45 children followed up (follow‐up time 21.7–103 months), 25 had a good outcome, six were moderately disabled and 11 were severely disabled, while three were in persistent vegetative state. Problems identi?ed included cerebral palsy—16, ongoing seizures—5, visual problems—11, speech and language problems—17 and behavioural problems—13. Of the 29 children of school age on whom data were available, 12 children had a statement of educational needs. In conclusion, young children who survive non‐accidental head injury can have signi?cant physical, cognitive and behavioural problems. Regular follow‐up by a multidisciplinary team, which includes a community paediatrician, therapists, school health personnel and ophthalmologic services, until the child is established in school may facilitate early identi?cation of emerging problems and optimize management. Care must be taken not to discharge children with good outcomes, as behavioural and cognitive problems can emerge with time. Only a prospective study will help outline the subtle problems that can emerge with time in children with a so‐called good outcome. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国少数民族首饰文化的五大特色

中国 5 5个少数民族 ,在历史的发展过程中都孕育了自己光辉灿烂的首饰文化 ,每个民族的首饰造型、质地都与本民族的历史、宗教、审美息息相关 ,主要具有五大特色 :一、历史悠久 ,二、爱情象征 ,三、崇尚自然 ,四、品类丰富 ,五、时尚之源。若能因势利导 ,则有广阔的发展前景。     

The Many Faces of a Neutral Face: Head Tilt and Perception of Dominance and Emotion

Based on the premise that human head tilt is homologous to animal dominance displays, we hypothesized that when a head is bowed, the face should be perceived as submissive, sad, displaying inferiority emotions (i.e., shame, embarrassment, guilt, humiliation, and respect) and, paradoxically, as contracting the zygomatic major muscle. Conversely, a raised head should be perceived as more dominant and displaying greater superiority emotions (i.e., contempt and pride). We conducted two experiments showing 3-D models of faces to 64 participants. The results confirmed our hypotheses and also showed that a raised head connotes happiness. In addition, we found a significant influence of the actors' sex on participants' perception, such as a bias towards perceiving stronger upward contraction of the mouth in female than male actors when the head is tilted. We discuss these findings within the context of evolution and social behavior.     

Young women farm heads in Greek agriculture: entering farming through policy incentives

This work examines the entry of young Greek women into farming as heads of farmholdings under the relevant EU and national framework of incentives. The work is based on the analysis of available secondary information and mail-survey data secured from a sample of 128 young women established in farming during the period 1991–2000 in the region of Thessaly, Central Greece. Their responses to the system of incentives are examined initially as a whole group and then separately by focusing on two typological polar opposites, that is those women that are entering farming as a lifestyle and those entering for reasons of necessity. There is documentation of young women farmers’ use of the incentives and benefits derived there from and their assumption of a certain share in the decision-making power vis-a-vis their farmholding, the last-mentioned especially when the two typological groups are considered.     

从《编年史》看塔西佗的政治思想

复杂的时代背景、丰富的政治经历以及撒路斯特、李维的影响 ,使塔西佗形成了矛盾的政治思想。这主要体现于他的传世佳作《编年史》中。从《编年史》入手 ,具体考察塔西佗的政治思想 ,可以看出其两面性