语言磨蚀新问题 ——回归假说质疑

雅克布逊回归假说是语言磨蚀领域中传统的假说,随着语言磨蚀研究进一步深化,相当多的学者认可了该假说.然而,比较失语症幼儿的语言习得和磨蚀的研究结果未能证实回归假说,对健康人群的研究同样未能证实回归假说,记忆学和心理学领域也没有理论足以支持回归假说,回归假说还有很大的验证空间,它也可能并不符合语言磨蚀规律.     

Will the ASA's Efforts to Improve Statistical Practice be Successful? Some Evidence to the Contrary

ABSTRACT

Recent efforts by the American Statistical Association to improve statistical practice, especially in countering the misuse and abuse of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) and p-values, are to be welcomed. But will they be successful? The present study offers compelling evidence that this will be an extraordinarily difficult task. Dramatic citation-count data on 25 articles and books severely critical of NHST's negative impact on good science, underlining that this issue was/is well known, did nothing to stem its usage over the period 1960–2007. On the contrary, employment of NHST increased during this time. To be successful in this endeavor, as well as restoring the relevance of the statistics profession to the scientific community in the 21st century, the ASA must be prepared to dispense detailed advice. This includes specifying those situations, if they can be identified, in which the p-value plays a clearly valuable role in data analysis and interpretation. The ASA might also consider a statement that recommends abandoning the use of p-values.     

On comparing,classifying and clustering several dependent regression models

Classifying several regression models fitted on a dataset is one of the most problems in data analysis. In other words, scientists are interested in comparing several regression models that can be used for a dataset. In this paper, an approach will be used to compare and classify several dependent regression models. Then the performance of the proposed method is investigated using simulation study and real example.     

Stress-strength reliability of exponentiated Fréchet distributions based on Type-II censored data

In this paper, we consider inference of the stress-strength parameter, R, based on two independent Type-II censored samples from exponentiated Fréchet populations with different index parameters. The maximum likelihood and uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators, exact and asymptotic confidence intervals and hypotheses testing for R are obtained. We conduct a Monte Carlo simulation study to evaluate the performance of these estimators and confidence intervals. Finally, two real data sets are analysed for illustrative purposes.     

Why spouses depress each other: A cross‐national study to test the shared resource hypothesis in depressive symptom concordance within older adult couples

The shared resource hypothesis suggests that married couples share the same environmental resources, which shape their health concordance. This study tests its cross‐national applicability. Cross‐sectional 2012–2013 Health and Retirement Study data from China, England, Mexico, and the United States were analyzed. Heterosexual couples (age ≥60) who were married or partnered were studied (N = 20,565 pairs). Dyadic data were analyzed by multilevel models to examine the effect of self and spousal social and physical health statuses on depressive symptoms. Regression models were used to test the relationship between couples' shared resources and depressive symptom concordance. Results indicated both husbands and wives' depressive symptoms were associated with their own and spouses' social and health statuses. Most couple‐level resources were insignificant predictors for Chinese and Mexican couples' concordance, but having more social and financial resources was associated with higher concordance among British and American couples. Self‐reported health was the most consistent predictor in all countries. The shared resource hypothesis was more applicable to depressive symptom concordance within couples in the United States and England, but not in China and Mexico. Couple‐centered intervention is suggested for clinical practice, and the spousal effect should be considered in policymaking.     

城市较高收入群体生育意愿偏高的现象及其理论解释——基于上海的调查

本文通过在上海市闵行区的实地调查结果,同时结合其他研究文献和社会新闻报道的资料,对发达地区较高收入者生育意愿偏高的现象及其特征进行了总结．并利用伊斯特林相对期群假说对这一现象产生的原因进行了理论分析。     

行为金融学的发展与探索

本文通过对行为金融相关文献的回顾 ,指出了当前研究的不足 ,并探索了行为金融理论的发展需要解决的难题及未来研究的方向。同时 ,本文指出了行为金融理论作为一门独立学科应具备的基本条件 ,为行为金融理论整合为一门学科提出了自己的意见     

FDI是“清洁”的吗?——中国东部和中部省际面板数据

随着中国经济的快速增长和外商直接投资规模的急剧增加,中国环境的承载力受到严峻挑战。在"环境库兹涅茨假说"污染天堂假说"和环境竞次理论的基础上,利用中国东部十一省(市)和中部八省的七个环境污染指标数据,构建面板数据模型,对中国东部和中部的FDI的"清洁"程度进行检验。虽然各省FDI对污染指标的影响存在差异,但并没有足够证据支持"污染天堂假说"。相比较而言,东部的北京和中部的黑龙江的FDI是比较"清洁"的。     

网络环境中自然阅读过程词汇附带习得可行性研究

此研究基于戴炜栋等的网络环境下的词汇习得认知心理环境框架和Pmvio提出的双码理论,从Laufer和Hulstijn的可以将词汇附带习得进行量化的投入量假设出发,结合网络环境下阅读特点,采用定量和定性研究方法,验证网络环境自然阅读中词汇附带习得的可行性。结果表明：在网络环境下,投入量大的阅读任务比投入量小的阅读任务更能促进词汇附带习得;“投入量”指数大的阅读任务对学习者词汇知识的保持效果更好。     

高校管理理念的哲学基础与变革

高等学校的教师和科研人员的成熟程度以及高等学校的职能活动,决定教师和科研人员是学校管理的决策主体,行政人员只是为教学和科研服务的辅助性力量。但由于历史和体制方面的原因,“行政权力主导”的管理理念在我国高校已经根深蒂固,并造成了严重的后果。现实要求用“教师权力为主,行政权力为辅”的新管理理念来指导高校的改革,并通过改革来强化这种新的管理理念。