On the asymptotic distribution of cramer-von mises one-sample test statistics under an alternative

The asymptotic normality of the Cramer-von Mises one-sample test statistic and one of its variants under an alternative cdf is demonstrated. The derivation herein is unique in that it does not require knowledge of the theory of weak convergence of probability measures defined on metrized function spaces, and thus is accessible to a broader class of students and practitioners.     

Estimability and Linear Hypotheses

A proposition is given which provides an easily justified reason as to why attention should be confined to estimable parametric vectors when formulating linear hypotheses. The possibility of justifying one's linear estimation effort on the estimable parametric functions via an identifiability condition is also mentioned.     

如何发现DNA是生命的遗传物质

从核酸的发现到DNA双螺旋结构模型建立历时80余年,人类最终确认了DNA是生命的遗传物质,解决了一个生命科学研究中极其关键的重大问题。因此,对此段历史的研究具有重要意义。全面回顾此间发生的对揭示DNA的结构和功能具有重要影响的事件,包括米歇尔发现核酸、列文提出＂四核苷酸假说＂、格里菲斯等人的转化实验、査伽夫提出碱基配对规律,以及沃森和克里克建立DNA双螺旋结构模型,在此基础上阐述人类发现DNA是遗传物质的研究历程,进而探讨科学研究的规律。     

Grandmothers', Mothers' and Granddaughters' Perceptions of Grandparenthood

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to assess the meaning of grandparenthood in grandparent-parent-grandchild triads, and to examine its congruence between generations.

Three types of relations were found: (1) the congruent-strongly connected relationship, characterized by a reciprocal and nurturing relation; (2) the congruentnon-connected relationship, characterized by an agreement among all members regarding the problematic and dissociated relations; (3) the non-congruent relationship, characterized by a lack of agreement regarding the nature of the relation.     

飞秒化学与盐类水解反应机理的假设

以飞秒化学思想为指导,以酸碱质子理论为依据,探索盐类水解反应的机理,有助于建立盐类水解的新概念。     

Is there a relationship between burnout and objective performance? A critical review of 16 studies

Previous research has suggested that high levels of burnout lead to impaired functioning on the job. However, as this research has usually relied on self-reported performance, it is imperative to examine whether this association is also confirmed when using “objective” performance data (e.g., supervisor reports). This study reviewed previous research on the associations between burnout (exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and various types of objective performance. A systematic literature search identified 16 studies dealing with the burnout-performance relationship. These studies showed the wide variety of approaches that are used to study burnout and objective performance. Using data from these 16 studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain mean correlations. The meta-analytical correlations between exhaustion and in-role behaviour (based on five studies), organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB; five studies), and customer satisfaction (two studies) were -.22, -.19, and -.55, respectively, underlining the practical relevance of burnout research for organizational performance. The evidence for the relationships between depersonalization, personal accomplishment, and performance was inconclusive. Future research should focus on valid indicators of job performance, should more often employ longitudinal designs and large samples, and should consider the theoretical basis for the study expectations more extensively.     

Modified Wald statistics for generalized linear models

Summary: Wald statistics in generalized linear models are asymptotically ² distributed. The asymptotic chi–squared law of the corresponding quadratic form shows disadvantages with respect to the approximation of the finite–sample distribution. It is shown by means of a comprehensive simulation study that improvements can be achieved by applying simple finite–sample size approximations to the distribution of the quadratic form in generalized linear models. These approximations are based on a ² distribution with an estimated degree of freedom that generalizes an approach by Patnaik and Pearson. Simulation studies confirm that nominal level is maintained with higher accuracy compared to the Wald statistics.     

两自一归纳：开展研究性学习的有效途径

回顾研究性学习的历程 ,剖析研究性学习的现状 ,有助于我们正确认识和把握新形势下研究性学习的发展趋势。只有以马克思主义人性观为基础 ,以“两自一归纳”教学模式为变式 ,才能减少或消除其操作过程中的偏差 ,促进研究性学习不断迈上新的台阶。     

翻译认知：假设和期待与翻译

朗加克(Langacker)认为理解语言不是被动的过程,而是主动的过程。根据他的这种观点,意象意义之一的"假使和期待"在翻译中就存在模糊性。意象意义指的是说话人在心智上以不同方式构建所思考场景的能力。因此,我们的理论基础是认知语法,不是形式语义学,这就使得它的论点与以往类似的文章有所不同。以往翻译理论研究多以形式语义学作理论指导,研究句子的真值条件和客观意义,而我们研究的是句子的主观意义。