模型的事例表示

基于事例推理的模型管理系统中 ,有效地表达事例是实现系统的基础 .模型事例不是属性值事例 ,而是结构事例 .本文针对原有表达事例方式的不足提出了一种模型事例的表达方法 ,该方法适合于各种数值类模型的表示 ,并能够脱离模型的语义 ,同时给出了此种事例库组织的初步方案 ,为以后的研究奠定了基础 .     

智能教育软件《数学实验室之一——立体几何》

有了自动推理功能的教育软件会是什么样子？本文主要介绍智能教育软件《数学实验室之一--立体几何》的总体设计思想,系统结构和功能等。     

大学数学教学应重视学生四种能力的培养

数学教育在大学生基本素质培养方面发挥着不可替代的作用,教师在教学过程中不仅要做好数学知识的传授,而且应该注重学生综合能力和素质的培养。数学具有鲜明的学科特点,需要独特的学习方法,教师应充分利用这些特点,在大学数学教学中重视学生抽象思维和逻辑推理、分析问题和解决问题、自主学习、归纳总结和推广四种能力的培养,为学生未来的发展打下坚实的基础。     

美国“无辜物主抗辩”近观

美国的“无辜物主抗辩”经历了从无到有,从弱到强的发展历程。在漫长的形成与发展过程中,美国法律逐渐探索出根植于美国法治土壤的独特的第三人财产保护制度。现行的“无辜物主抗辩”也为美国民事没收制度带来了新的发展力量。从历史发展的角度了解美国“无辜物主抗辩”的由来,并深入分析《美国法典》现行的“无辜物主抗辩”的相关概念及其适用,既是对美国民事没收程序的深入了解,更是中国今后在第三人财产保护制度上可以借鉴与参考的理论基础。     

基于分布式序关系的双边匹配决策方法

针对具有不完全偏好序值信息的项目-员工匹配决策问题,给出了一种考虑同组员工间具有同事偏好关系的匹配决策方法。首先对匹配双方给出的不完全偏好序信息规范化处理,转化为等级置信度形式。其次,以规范化的等级置信度匹配信息为证据,融合获得项目与员工、员工与员工的融合总信度,并进一步转化为匹配满意度,以项目–员工、员工–其他员工的匹配满意度最大化为目标构建并求解考虑同事偏好的匹配决策模型。最后通过一个算例说明了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于CBR的双语语境知识表征系统研究

文章简要回顾了基于案例①的推理(case-based reasoning,简称CBR)机制和第二语言习得理论中"补缺假设"理论的语境观,分析了CBR在双语语境知识表征中应用的可行性,并在此基础上提出了双语语境知识表征CBR系统的计算模型、算法和该系统的一般实现过程,是机器学习和人工智能理论在第二语言习得理论研究中应用的初步探讨,旨在给第二语言习得研究提供新的研究方法和视角.     

The home visit in child protection social work: Emotion as resource and risk for professional judgement and practice

This article conceptualises the role of emotion in social work home visits. It draws on findings from a qualitative study of initial child protection home visits in the United Kingdom. The research used narrative interviews and focus groups to examine how emotions arising from visits were registered in social workers' narratives. These visits were often challenging; social workers needed to manage their own emotions and those of the family, while at the same time investigating concerns and assessing need. This article identifies seven key emotional experiences associated with the home visit from the perspective of the social worker: going into the unknown; being intrusive; being disliked; fear of harm to self; fear of causing or allowing harm; pain, disgust, and distress; and “absorbing” emotion. It is argued that emotion plays a central role in home visiting and that professionals' emotional responses have important implications for the way they make sense of, and manage, home visits. Emotion is therefore conceptualized as both a potential resource and risk for social workers' professional judgement and practice.     

Successful societies: Decision-making and the quality of attentiveness

Combining moral philosophy with sociological theory to build on themes introduced in Hall and Lamont’s Successful Societies (2009), the paper outlines a distinctive perspective. It holds that a necessary condition of successful societies is that decision-makers base their decisions on a high level of attentiveness (concern and comprehension) towards subjectively valued and morally legitimate forms of life. Late modern societies consist of a plurality of forms of life, each providing grounds for what Alasdair MacIntyre has called internal goods—valued and morally valuable practices. The status of such goods is examined, and distinctions are drawn between their manifest and latent, and transposable and situationally specific, characteristics. We integrate this refined idea of internal goods into a developed conception of habitus that is both morally informed and situationally embedded. The sociological approach of strong structuration theory (SST) is employed to demonstrate how this conception of habitus can guide the critique of decision-making that damages internal goods. We identify the most pervasive and invidious forms of damaging decision-making in contemporary societies as those involving excessive forms of instrumental reasoning. We argue that our developed conception of habitus, anchored in the collectively valued practices of specific worlds, can be a powerful focus for resistance. Accounts of scholarship in higher education and of the white working class in America illustrate the specificities of singular, particular, social worlds and illuminate critical challenges raised by the perspective we advocate.     

基于案例推理的压力容器故障维修方法

针对目前压力容器故障维修依赖经验知识的程度高,智能知识库利用率低的问题,提出基于案例推理的压力容 器故障维修方法。通过定义对应故障特征关键词字典,优化案例库案例存储与索引机制,对故障案例信息进行结构化和 知识化;并采用结合最近相邻法和灰色关联度算法的案例相似度匹配方法,提高案例匹配精度。经应用实例验证,从案 例库中匹配相似案例速度快、可靠度高,可供原故障案例参考。因此,该方法在实际使用中有效降低了经验知识的依赖 程度,较好地利用智能知识库,为压力容器全生命周期的维护、修理和操作( MRO)提供便利。     

隐性知识在产品概念设计中的应用

工业设计领域中,提高产品的设计质量是利益最大化的首要途径,而产品概念设计直接决定产品设计质量,而隐 性知识为产品概念创新设计提供了新的思路,因此,提出一种关于隐性知识应用于产品概念设计中的方法。在理解隐性 知识概念的前提下,从产品出发,挖掘隐藏在产品中的隐性知识,将这些隐性知识显性化,用人们容易理解、接受的知识 进行表达,便于被重新利用。通过收集大量的产品隐性知识,建立产品隐性知识库,借助案例推理( case-based reasoning, CBR)技术,运用相似度计算法,获取知识库中与目标设计要求相似度最大的案例,将其作为目标设计或作参考,直接运 用于新产品的开发中。结果表明,该方法不仅能缩短产品设计周期,而且能大大提高产品的质量。本研究为企业迅速抢 占市场,赢得市场份额具有一定意义。