中国经济法学30年发展的理论创新及贡献

文章以中国改革开放的30年历程为背景,总结了经济法学30年发展的理论创新及其对社会经济发展和法学研究的贡献.论文认为经济法学的理论创新确立了国家一市场的理论框架,推进了中国法治化建设的进程,推动了中国社会和经济体制的转型、政府经济职能的转型,推动了公平和有效率的市场秩序的构建,促进了宏观调控逐步走向法治化以及和谐社会的建设、社会经济的可持续发展和社会主义新农村的建设.同时,论文认为经济法的理论引入了社会本位和整体主义的价值理念,发展了传统法学的公私法二元划分的范式,拓展了法学研究社会经济问题的空间,丰富了法律调整机制与功能的理论,创新并丰富了部门法学的构成和法的主体理论与法学研究的方法,突破并丰富了权利与义务相对等的法律关系原理,发展和丰富了法律责任理论,促进和丰富了法学的本土化研究.     

Studying democratic innovations: toward a problem-driven approach to case study research

ABSTRACT

Hajer and Wagenaar (2003. Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, xiv, 16) advanced a conception of policy analysis – “Deliberative Policy Analysis” – that “rests on three pillars: interpretation, practice and deliberation.” This form of policy analysis, they argued, supports “more direct, participatory forms of democracy” involving “democratic deliberation on concrete issues” (xv, 29). Since their writing, empirical research on such initiatives – “democratic innovations,” for short – has blossomed. However, while deliberative policy analysis is itself post-positivist in orientation, many researchers bring a (quasi-) positivist orientation to their work on democratic innovations. A key challenge for deliberative policy analysts is, then, how to participate in this field of inquiry while maintaining a post-positivist orientation. Pragmatist philosophy, I submit, can help them to meet this challenge. Pragmatism rejects a number of positivist assumptions about the nature of empirical inquiry. Relatedly, it supports the claim that policy analysis should be interpretive, practice-oriented, and deliberative. Indeed, it suggests that policy analysis cannot avoid being so. By way of illustration, I indicate how pragmatism points to an approach to case study research that rests on the three pillars.     

制度创新与西部大开发

制度创新是西部大开发中的首要问题,也是具有决定性作用的问题.基于新制度经济学的分析框架,先从理论上阐述了制度对经济发展的重要作用,而后又对改革开放以来制度创新对东部地区经济高速发展所起的关键作用作了实证分析,并把西部地区的现实情况同东部地区进行对比,从而论证了制度创新在西部大开发中的重要作用并指出其自身特点.提出了对西部大开发中制度演进和设计过程中的制度创新主体转换问题和制度创新成本的一些看法及西部大开发中的制度安排建议.     

Diffusion of innovations through social networks: Determinants and implications

Social scientists have long been interested in the diffusion of innovations—the process by which new ideas, behavior, and practices spread between persons, organizations, and even countries. While innovations can enter a community through various channels, ongoing spread of innovations through a community occurs through the medium of social networks—collections of interpersonal or digital relationships connecting actors to each other. Social networks are important for diffusion because relationships foster communication, trust, and flow of information. Diffusion outcomes are also shaped by the structural properties of social networks such as density, centrality, and strength of ties, as well as properties of the innovation and the actors involved in the process. The purpose of the article is twofold: (1) to take stock of the field and review ongoing debates on the role of social networks in the diffusion of innovations and (2) to summarize the sociological implications of the diffusion of innovations through social networks.