Significant Factors of Aviation Insurance and Risk Management Strategy: An Empirical Study of Taiwanese Airline Carriers

Aviation insurance premiums have become a heavy burden for the airline industry since September 11, 2001. Although the industry must constantly balance its operations between profitability and safety, the reality is that airlines are in the business of making money. Therefore, their ability to reduce cost and manage risk is a key factor for success. Unlike past research, which used subjective judgment methods, this study applied quantitative historical data (1999–2000) and gray relation analysis to identify the primary factors influencing ratemaking for aviation insurance premiums. An empirical study of six airlines in Taiwan was conducted to determine these factors and to analyze the management strategies used to deal with them. Results showed that the loss experience and performance of individual airlines were the key elements associated with aviation insurance premiums paid by each airline. By identifying and understanding the primary factors influencing ratemaking for aviation insurance, airlines will better understand their relative operational strengths and weaknesses, and further help top management identify areas for further improvement. Knowledge of these factors combined with effective risk management strategies, may result in lower premiums and operating costs for airline companies.     

Implied Preference for Seismic Design Level and Earthquake Insurance

Seismic risk can be reduced by implementing newly developed seismic provisions in design codes. Furthermore, financial protection or enhanced utility and happiness for stakeholders could be gained through the purchase of earthquake insurance. If this is not so, there would be no market for such insurance. However, perceived benefit associated with insurance is not universally shared by stakeholders partly due to their diverse risk attitudes. This study investigates the implied seismic design preference with insurance options for decisionmakers of bounded rationality whose preferences could be adequately represented by the cumulative prospect theory (CPT). The investigation is focused on assessing the sensitivity of the implied seismic design preference with insurance options to model parameters of the CPT and to fair and unfair insurance arrangements. Numerical results suggest that human cognitive limitation and risk perception can affect the implied seismic design preference by the CPT significantly. The mandatory purchase of fair insurance will lead the implied seismic design preference to the optimum design level that is dictated by the minimum expected lifecycle cost rule. Unfair insurance decreases the expected gain as well as its associated variability, which is preferred by risk-averse decisionmakers. The obtained results of the implied preference for the combination of the seismic design level and insurance option suggest that property owners, financial institutions, and municipalities can take advantage of affordable insurance to establish successful seismic risk management strategies.     

德国证据禁止理论对中国的启示

近代以来，国内学者一直探讨美国的“毒树之果”理论，讨论我国是否应该建立非法证据的排除规则。在近代的联邦德国，也有证据排除理论，名为“证据禁止”理论，它与美国的毒树之果理论相比，更加注重在司法实践中的应用。探讨联邦德国禁止使用的证据是否有“远距离的影响”，即德国的“毒树之果”是否应当排除其证明力，以期找到该理论对中国的启示。     

《丹麦刑事执行法》及其对我国立法的启示

《丹麦刑事执行法》内容全面而系统,操作性强,蕴含着人权保护、行刑社会化等法制理念,自2000年颁布施行以来对该国刑事执行工作的良性运作发挥了重大作用。虽然我国与丹麦在政治制度、历史文化传统等方面存在明显差异,但他山之石,可以攻玉。对《丹麦刑事执行法》的统一立法体例、先进的执行理念以及对罪犯权利的保障等制度规则的研究与探索对我国刑事执行立法具有积极的借鉴意义。     

变换法在解微分方程中的应用

变量代换法是解常微分方程的一种辅助方法，它能使问题简化．本文通过联系实例给出了变换在求解微分方程中的具体应用。     

大学生权利保障：权力和权利辨析的视角

当下大学生的权利被广泛关注，但是大学生的权利却往往不能得到很好的保障和维护，其中一个重要原因就是大学生缺乏一个强有力的权力保障。在我国高等教育的现实中，大学生在学校管理中的权力却微乎其微。权利必须用权力来维护和保障。由此，应正视权利和权力的本质区别；在学校管理中赋予大学生合法的地位和身份，给予其参与管理学校的权力；组建大学生自治组织，用相对独立的权力维护其权利，从而加强大学生在学校管理中的权力来使大学生权利得到根本性的保障和维护。     

论破窗理论对高校班级管理的启示

班级管理在大学教育中的作用十分重要。从破窗理论出发．明确了班级环境在班级建设与发展中的重要地位，论述了班级中潜抑力量与压抑力量转化的意义，在此基础上进一步提出，要从加强日常管理、形成良性反馈机制、处理好突发事件三个方面预防“破窗现象”，并针对破窗理论的运用提出了建议。     

剑溪堂刻本《书经》考述

剑溪堂刻本《书经》为近年在徽州地区发现的一种《尚书》新版本。根据其书口、版式、字体、用纸、内封面以及避讳等情况综合判断,该书刊行于明神宗万历年间,与北图藏元明间宗文书堂刻本《书集传音释六卷》同出一个版本系统。它的出现对于认识《书经》乃至整个《尚书》的流变史有其重要意义。在蔡沈集传《书经》普遍流行六册、七册线装本的情况下,三册毛装本无疑还具有较强的版本认识价值。     

Examples of the use of an equivalence theorem in constructing optimum experimental designs for random-effects nonlinear regression models

The problem considered is that of finding an optimum measurement schedule to estimate population parameters in a nonlinear model when the patient effects are random. The paper presents examples of the use of sensitivity functions, derived from the General Equivalence Theorem for D-optimality, in the construction of optimum population designs for such schedules. With independent observations, the theorem applies to the potential inclusion of a single observation. However, in population designs the observations are correlated and the theorem applies to the inclusion of an additional measurement schedule. In one example, three groups of patients of differing size are subject to distinct schedules. Numerical, as opposed to analytical, calculation of the sensitivity function is advocated. The required covariances of the observations are found by simulation.     

近代资本主义生产生活方式对中国传统慈善事业的影响——以北京为例

以交通、通讯、新闻舆论等为典型代表的近代西方资本主义生产与生活方式传入中国后，它们或便利救济物资的调配，或加速救助对象的区域流动，或监督与制约救济事务的运转，或宣传与流播新型慈善思想等，从整体上对中国传统慈善活动的近代转型发挥强大的刺激与推动作用。