Towards Uniformly Efficient Trend Estimation Under Weak/Strong Correlation and Non‐stationary Volatility

In this paper, we consider the deterministic trend model where the error process is allowed to be weakly or strongly correlated and subject to non‐stationary volatility. Extant estimators of the trend coefficient are analysed. We find that under heteroskedasticity, the Cochrane–Orcutt‐type estimator (with some initial condition) could be less efficient than Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) when the process is highly persistent, whereas it is asymptotically equivalent to OLS when the process is less persistent. An efficient non‐parametrically weighted Cochrane–Orcutt‐type estimator is then proposed. The efficiency is uniform over weak or strong serial correlation and non‐stationary volatility of unknown form. The feasible estimator relies on non‐parametric estimation of the volatility function, and the asymptotic theory is provided. We use the data‐dependent smoothing bandwidth that can automatically adjust for the strength of non‐stationarity in volatilities. The implementation does not require pretesting persistence of the process or specification of non‐stationary volatility. Finite‐sample evaluation via simulations and an empirical application demonstrates the good performance of proposed estimators.     

CRM的理念与实施中关键因素分析

随着市场环境、竞争环境的快速变化 ,企业的管理理念、服务观念开始发生重大转变 ,使得CRM(CustomerRelationshipManagement,客户关系管理 )成为当前热点。本文试从CRM在国内外的应用情况、CRM体现的管理理念、服务宗旨以及实施中应考虑的一些重要因素进行分析     

森林旅游业实施绿色营销的研究

深刻分析了传统市场营销策略对森林旅游业所产生的负面影响。阐述了森林旅游业实施绿色营销的基本原则 ,并提出相应的实施对策。这些对策主要包括努力塑造绿色企业形象 ,建立新型的绿色管理模式 ,大力开发森林旅游绿色产品和生态道德建设     

对车险改革后保险营销的浅析

在车辆保险条款费率改革之后的车险市场上,现实状况却与预计效果相差甚远。其主要原因是,对保险营销战略的忽视,没有以相应的保险营销战略为指导,使得营销战术在操作过程中显得盲目而跟从。针对以上问题,我们首先要做的是树立正确的保险营销观念,即重新审视营销战略在车辆保险中的作用,并在此基础上建立广义的产品观念;同时注重服务在车险营销中的作用;有效地进行市场细分和市场选择;最后对车险营销战略的具体实施即营销战术提出建议。     

高新技术产品的市场营销策略

高新技术产品能否在激烈的国际竞争中占有一定的市场份额 ,这不仅仅决定于一个国家、一个企业的技术实力 ,而且与成熟而有效的营销策略密切相关。本文从高新技术产品的分类和特征入手 ,分析和研究了高新技术产品的营销策略     

统购统销:中国工业化资本积累的主要形式

在中国工业发展战略实施过程中 ,资本积累是重要的制约因素。统购统销是适应中国工业化发展战略的客观需要而产生的。寻找一个保证统购统销顺利实施的组织形式 ,是推动农业集体化运动不断加速的重要原因 ,最终产生了合作社和人民公社的组织形式。统购统销的实施 ,为我国工业化提供了大量的资金 ,为工业化做出了巨大贡献 ,是我国工业化资本积累的主要形式。     

Spatial variation in soil inorganic nitrogen across an arid urban ecosystem

We explored variations in inorganic soil nitrogen (N) concentrations across metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, and the surrounding desert using a probability-based synoptic survey. Data were examined using spatial statistics on the entire region, as well as for the desert and urban sites separately. Concentrations of both NO₃-N and NH₄-N were markedly higher and more heterogeneous amongst urban compared to desert soils. Regional variation in soil NO₃-N concentration was best explained by latitude, land use history, population density, along with percent cover of impervious surfaces and lawn, whereas soil NH₄-N concentrations were related to only latitude and population density. Within the urban area, patterns in both soil NO₃-N and NH₄-N were best predicted by elevation, population density and type of irrigation in the surrounding neighborhood. Spatial autocorrelation of soil NO₃-N concentrations explained 49% of variation among desert sites but was absent between urban sites. We suggest that inorganic soil N concentrations are controlled by a number of ‘local’ or ‘neighborhood’ human-related drivers in the city, rather than factors related to an urban-rural gradient.     

市场经济条件下环境保护的措施

环境保护是我国的基本国策。国家对环境保护越来越重视。而要做好环境保护的具体工作,就必须遵循市场经济的运行规律。那就是要充分利用价值规律,要发挥竞争规律的作用,要支持资源的优化配置。     

整合教育:高校思想政治教育的新思路——应对高校“两课”教学的离散趋向

我国高校将“两课”作为实施思想政治教育的主战场目前存在的最大问题是教育教学的某些方面出现离散趋向。本文通过对高校“两课”中出现的离散趋向的分析，认为在思想政治教育教学实践中要实施整合教育，并提出整合教育的具体构想。     

对彩电行业拓展农村市场的思考

通过对中国彩电业现状的阐述,重点分析了农村彩电市场的需求现状特点及发展趋势,从产品、价格、广告、营销渠道和经营模式方面分析了彩电企业进入农村市场的策略。