说趣味——兼论审美评价的逻辑依据

在艺术活动中,“审美专制主义”曾对诗性文化形成一种精神窒息。但与之相反的“审美无政府主义”同样也是对诗性创造力的取消。人类艺术文化的繁荣格局,来自于一种“多元普遍性”。营造这种格局的关键,在于如何从逻辑上来把握“审美趣味”与一般“生活口味”的差异。概括地看,审美趣味的普遍性意味着一种客观性原则的确立,从而也是审美评价的立场的确立。这使批评有可能对具体审美实践作出优与劣的区分。但审美趣味的主体经验性,又意味着这种普遍性只能存在于一个宽广的空间。     

江泽民领导思想研究述评

从20世纪90年代中期开始,理论界对江泽民领导思想(包括领导思想、决策思想、领导艺术等)的研究日益重视,并取得了一批成果。在研究成果中由于视角不同等原因也产生出多种观点。理论界对江泽民领导思想的研究相对于对江泽民思想其他方面的研究而言,仍是较为薄弱的领域,研究中还存在宏观角度研究较多、微观角度研究较少、研究广度不够等问题。在今后的研究中,水平还有待进一步提高,广度也有待进一步拓展。     

园区经济理论述评

园区经济现象引起了世界各国的广泛关注,但对园区经济理论的研究却始于20世纪80年代,且主要集中在对科学园、工业园、技术城、开发区等典型园区经济发展经验的概括、总结以及对策性研究,而把园区经济作为一个整体从理论上进行系统研究尚处于起步阶段。对国内外园区经济的一些基本论述作了简要综述,并在此基础上提出了一些重要论点。     

建国以来关于知识分子问题研究综述

建国以来关于知识分子问题的研究是一个弥久常新的问题,也经历过长期和曲折的历史过程。但是,至今仍然没有一篇完整的阐释知识分子研究的综述类文章。笔者不瑞简陋,立足所能收集的参考资料而作一综述。     

高校辅导员职业化发展的回顾与展望

高校辅导员承担着对学生的思想、道德和行为进行教育、引导的重要职责,同时也担负着对学生的学业、生活等事务性工作进行管理与服务的职责。随着经济全球化进程加快与知识经济时代的到来,人们的思想观念更加活跃、开放,价值取向更加多样,增强高校学生思想政治工作的实效性,需要加快辅导员职业化建设的进程。纵观我国高校辅导员制度发展变化的历程,不同的历史时期对辅导员任职要求、工作内容、评价标准等都有具体要求。新时期,辅导员职业化建设需要明确、科学、专业的辅导员角色定位,逐步完善的辅导员职称评定制度,科学合理的辅导员职称评定系列,条理清晰的辅导员管理机制以及健全的辅导员职业生涯管理。     

区别于计划经济的新型劳动关系研究综述

1989年之后,新型劳动关系逐渐引起人们的关注,而相关的研究也随之方兴未艾。新型劳动关系的研究背景与意义、内涵与特征、建立条件与机制建设、基本评价与发展思路等问题得到了比较深入的探讨。这些研究的特点与不足需要被客观地加以检视。     

Strategic interactions between humans and artificial intelligence: Lessons from experiments with computer players

Artificial intelligence (AI) is starting to pervade the economic and social life. This renders strategic interactions between humans and artificial agents more and more common. At the same time, experimentalists have increasingly employed computer players as a tool to provide a deeper understanding of strategic interaction in general. What can this strand of research teach us about the strategic behavior of humans interacting with AI? I review 162 experimental studies using computer players. I find that behavior and the outcomes of strategic interaction often change when humans interact with computer players rather than other humans. In particular, humans usually adapt to computer players even absent detailed prior information about them, they often act more selfishly and more rationally in their presence, and they apply different cognitive processes. Moreover, while humans are able to exploit computer players following simple algorithms, they are also vulnerable to exploitation by more sophisticated ones. Conversely, computer players may also enhance efficiency. I suggest several directions for future research.     

Students’ conceptualisations of critical reflection

Critical reflection involves the identification of deeply seated assumptions about the social world and the individual’s connection with it; however, its scope and practice are contested. While ambivalence about its definition remains, critical reflection is described as a threshold concept in social welfare and social work education. This study investigated students’ conceptualisations of critical reflection by analysing the ‘learned’ critical reflection curricula of five core units in an Australian University. A content analysis of 162 assignments submitted by 86 students in 2013 and 2014 was conducted. Findings revealed students conceptualised critical reflection as a process that raised self-awareness, supported the application of theory in practice and, reinforced aspects of their professional identity. However, students adapted the process to fit their purpose and, when personal views clashed with professional practice, rather than examining the tensions that emerged, students privileged professional practice and silenced their personal views. Students did not engage with critical reflection to foster social change; rather their utilitarian approach positioned them to demonstrate competence in professional procedures. These findings highlight the influence of the contexts within which critical reflection is practised and informs the further development of the authors’ pedagogy.     

Model free audit methodology for bias evaluation of tumour progression in oncology

Many oncology studies incorporate a blinded independent central review (BICR) to make an assessment of the integrity of the primary endpoint, progression free survival. Recently, it has been suggested that, in order to assess the potential for bias amongst investigators, a BICR amongst only a sample of patients could be performed; if evidence of bias is detected, according to a predefined threshold, the BICR is then assessed in all patients, otherwise, it is concluded that the sample was sufficient to rule out meaningful levels of bias. In this paper, we present an approach that adapts a method originally created for defining futility bounds in group sequential designs. The hazard ratio ratio, the ratio of the hazard ratio (HR) for the treatment effect estimated from the BICR to the corresponding HR for the investigator assessments, is used as the metric to define bias. The approach is simple to implement and ensures a high probability that a substantial true bias will be detected. In the absence of bias, there is a high probability of accepting the accuracy of local evaluations based on the sample, in which case an expensive BICR of all patients is avoided. The properties of the approach are demonstrated by retrospective application to a completed Phase III trial in colorectal cancer. The same approach could easily be adapted for other disease settings, and for test statistics other than the hazard ratio. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Material logistics in hospitals: A literature review

Hospital material management has been identified as one key cost containment lever to cope with steadily increasing healthcare costs in industrialized countries. The purpose of this work is to present the state-of-the-art of research on material logistics management in hospitals. Particular focus is given to articles that apply quantitative methods. Our contribution is threefold: First, we provide research guidance through categorizing literature and identifying major research streams. Second, we discuss applied methodologies and third, we identify future research directions. A systematic approach is undertaken in order to identify the relevant literature from 1998 to 2014. Applicable publications are categorized thematically and methodologically and future research opportunities are worked out. In total, 145 publications are identified and discussed in this work. The literature is categorized into four streams, i.e., (1) Supply and procurement, (2) Inventory management, (3) Distribution and scheduling, and (4) Holistic supply chain management. The use of optimization techniques is constantly gaining importance. The number of respective publications has continually grown and has peaked over the last three years. Optimization has been successfully applied in research streams (1), (2), and (3). Category (4) comprises a rather qualitative research field of literature dealing with supply chain management issues.