Social Problem Solving in High‐risk Mother–Child Dyads: An Intergenerational Study

This study examined the contribution of maternal childhood histories of aggression and social withdrawal to the prediction of mother–child social problem solving in the next generation. Fifty‐seven women (M = 37.32 years), previously rated (on a version of the pupil evaluation inventory) by their peers during childhood on measures of aggression and withdrawal, discussed conflicts with their 9‐ to 13‐year‐old children. Problem‐defining statements, solutions, and resolution strategies were coded using an observational measure developed by the authors. Maternal childhood histories of aggression and withdrawal predicted poorly sophisticated solutions in both mothers and children as well as antisocial solutions in children. Histories of withdrawal predicted solitary solutions in children as well as less guidance and structure during decision making. Findings suggest that mothers who were withdrawn, and those aggressive and withdrawn in childhood, display less sophisticated problem solving, which may be mirrored in children. Results have implications for the development of aggressive and withdrawn girls into parenthood and highlight a potential pathway for the transfer of risk.     

CHAPTER 4: Ethical Considerations Facing Society in Rehabilitating Severly Disabled Persons

No abstract available for this article.     

Families in Later Life: A Decade in Review

Later-life families encompass the legal, biological, romantic, and kin-like relationships of persons ages 65 and older. Research on older families has flourished over the past decade, as population aging has intensified concerns regarding the capacities of families to care for older adults and the adequacy of public pension systems to provide an acceptable standard of living. Shifting patterns of family formation over the past half-century have created a context in which contemporary older adults' family lives differ markedly from earlier generations. Decreasing numbers of adults are growing old with their first and only spouse, with rising numbers divorcing, remarrying, forming non-marital romantic partnerships, or living single by choice. Remarriage and the formation of stepfamilies pose challenges and opportunities as older adults negotiate complex decisions such as inheritance and caregiving. Family relationships are consequential for older adults' well-being, operating through both biological and psychosocial mechanisms. We synthesize research from the past decade, revealing how innovations in data and methods have refined our understanding of late-life families against a backdrop of demographic change. We show how contemporary research refines classic theoretical frameworks and tests emerging conceptual models. We organize the article around two main types of family relationships: (1) marriage and romantic partnerships and (2) intergenerational relationships. We discuss how family caregiving occurs within these relationships, and offer three promising avenues for future research: ethnic minority and immigrant families; older adults without close kin (“elder orphans”); and the potentials of rapidly evolving technologies for intergenerational relationships and caregiving.     

中国居民代际收入流动效应研究

代际收入流动性是研究收入不平等代际传递的重要视角之一。文章讨论了公共服务质量对代际收入流动的影响机制,同时考虑劳动力迁移因素的作用,以劳动力迁移概率为局部工具变量进行Heckman两阶段回归,来考察代际收入的传递效应。估计结果显示:我国目前代际收入流动还处于较低水平;基本公共服务质量的提高能够有效改善代际收入流动,教育、医疗保险在传递路径中的贡献较大;劳动力迁移行为强化了教育等基本服务质量对代际收入流动的促进作用。政府应继续实施基本公共服务均等化政策,合理分配落后地区教育资源,放松限制劳动力流动的因素,加快完善相关社会保障制度。     

家族企业代际承续创新发展研究

家族企业保持长久繁荣和实现可持续发展的关键,在于能否成功地选拔和培养接班人。在经济日益全球化的今天,面对日益激烈的市场竞争,以及企业发展的日益规模化、专业化、知识化,那种家族成员继承式的管理运作模式已不再是最佳的选择。在对国内外三种不同家族企业代际传承模式的利弊及其路径比较分析的基础上,试图结合中国的国情从中找出一种适合中国家族企业代际传承的创新模式,以推动家族企业的可持续发展。     

湘西南苗瑶平话的代际传承研究

湘西南苗瑶平话已表现出了不同程度的交际功能衰退、语言活力下降的现象,从青少年代际传承的角度入手,具体比较分析纯苗"聚居型"的城步县水坪村"苗话"和瑶汉"杂居型"的新宁县上林村"峒话"的语言活力,探讨青少年母语能力下降的原因。     

授之以鱼不如授之以渔?——财富资本、社会资本、人力资本与中国代际收入流动

在子代福利方面所体现的利他主义是经济个体的一大特征,为提升后代福利所作的努力也是人类社会发展的重要动力之一。然而,父代既可以投资于子代的人力资本,以提高子代获取收入的自身能力("授之以渔");也可以通过权力寻租和积累财富,直接提高子代收入("授之以鱼")。这一选择主要取决于这两种途径在提升子代收入方面的效率比较,并将对经济社会发展产生完全不同的影响。本文的计量分析结果表明,虽然人力资本对中国的代际收入传递起到了重要作用,但是社会资本的影响也呈现出不容忽视的上升趋势,以房屋资产和金融资产为代表的家庭财富更是表现出远大于上述两种资产的解释力和回报率,而这可能带来对子代经济能力的投资扭曲。通过进一步深化体制改革,引导人们正确地对子代经济能力进行投资,对中国当前的经济转型和持续的健康发展具有重要的现实意义。     

劳动力非永续性转移的经济成因及其创新路径

遵循本文提出的城市生活能力分析框架,在转移成本不断减少的情况下,劳动力的即期城市生活能力不断增强,但在可持续性工资收入瓶颈、城市生活成本过高等成本收益的双重约束下,劳动力的长期城市生活能力很低,由此形成了当前中国特殊的“两栖”劳动力转移形式,但这显然不是中国劳动力转移的理想模式。为此,本文提出,劳动力的代际转移是一种可行的次优路径。当代劳动力“两栖”转移的长远意义在于,为其子女的代际转移提供非人力财富、人力资本和社会资本等多维的原始动力。同时,必须为代际转移的顺利实现辅以必要的政策支持,当务之急是为进城务工农民子女的率先市民化提供一揽子的政策举措。