代际关系与跨文化冲突——以美国华人移民家庭为例

在美国,许多华人移民的家长对子女的教育和品行要求很严,期望他们日后事业有成,帮助家庭发财致富,并为父母养老送终。然而,在华人移民家庭中维护中华传统规范和行为准则以及执行此类家教并非易事。原因是父母为外来移民,而子女则在美国本土生长,两代人同化的取向和速度都不同。家中不仅充满任何家庭中常见的父子两代的代际冲突,也充满移民家庭特有的跨文化冲突。本文研究了美国移民家庭的代际关系与跨文化冲突问题,着重探讨矛盾重重的华人移民家庭中父母与子女如何处理复杂的、不断变动的家庭关系以及移民父母如何选择轻重缓急的策略,依靠社区的力量来确保下一代的健康成长。     

论代际伦理、代际公平与生态文明建设的关系

代际伦理重要性的显现与生态文明建设和可持续发展议题的出现相伴随,生态文明建设意味着整个社会的全面发展,代际公平是建设生态文明,实现可持续发展的一个基本社会条件;在生态文明建设中实现代际公平,主要内容包括实现代际之间劳动付出和成果获得的对等性,实现经济社会发展进程中人类活动对于自然影响的可控性在代际之间的延续,实现文化的多样性延续;从人类社会发展的视角来说,资源、环境与发展的矛盾对于实现生态文明代际公平则具有更加一般性的意义;绿色消费方式的确立对于建设生态文明,构建社会主义和谐社会具有基本的价值导向作用。     

城市老年人与子女的双向支持模式探析——以烟台市向阳街道为例

利用山东省社会科学规划基金项目2006年在烟台市进行的"城乡老年人孤独现象的社会学研究"抽样调查数据,采用交互分析,结合烟台市实际状况,分析老年人与子女的代际之间在经济、生活、精神上的双向支持,探讨双向支持与老年人年龄、收入、同分住的关系。研究结果表明:老年人与子女的代际双向支持没有固定的模式,而是老年人与子女的具体情况来决定;老年人与子女的双向支持受到代际之间的经济状况,年龄和身体状况等因素的影响。     

中国老年人家庭代际经济支持模式研究

文章基于转型社会视角,利用2014年中国老年社会追踪调查数据,探讨中国老年人家庭代际经济关系的现实状况,并从微观机制和宏观结构两方面进一步分析其影响机制。研究发现,中国老年人家庭代际经济支持模式仍以供养型为主,但随着现代化进程,互惠型将逐渐占据更加重要的地位。在微观层面,老年人个体禀赋越低、文化观念越传统、健在子女数越多,则更可能身处传统的供养型的代际经济关系之中;家庭网络得分越高,代际关系越紧密,互惠型的可能性更大,游离型的可能性更小;同时,与子女同住的老年人更倾向于对子女的向下经济支持,呈现出抚养型或互惠型的关系。在宏观层面,社会保障的获得与市场化程度的提高一定程度上促进了代际经济资源的双向互惠流动。研究结果对于在转型社会背景下前瞻性应对中国家庭养老风险有一定的现实意义。     

伦理沦丧抑或是伦理转向:现代化视域下中国农村家庭资源的代际分配研究

本文将家庭资源分配置于三代的代际链,将家庭资源分配中的“亲代优先性”和“成年子代优先性”结合起来形成资源代际分配的四个亚类型,并以此来审视当前农村家庭养老中的资源分配。通过对CHARLS数据的分析发现,个体的现代化程度在一定程度上会影响其家庭资源的代际分配决策,其中,个体的现代化(尤其是经济状况的改进)使其在资源分配时倾向于支持子代。基于此,本文提出,农村家庭资源的代际分配并未呈现“伦理沦丧”特征,上位优先型的分配方式仍在家庭资源代际分配中占据重要位置;造成农村家庭对亲代赡养资源供给不及现象的原因并不总是“伦理危机”,而由“伦理转向”所导致的下位优先分配原则可能是上述现象的重要诱因之一。     

农村家庭非正规就业的代际传递性研究

非正规就业是当前解决农村劳动力就业问题的重要途径。基于中国健康和营养调查(CHNS)2009年农村数据,采用递归双变量概率模型对农村两代劳动力非正规就业选择中的代际传递性进行分析。研究发现,影响两代农村劳动力非正规就业选择的因素存在差异,但两代农村劳动力在非正规就业选择中也存在一定的代际继承性。子代的就业选择明显受到父辈就业状态的影响。这意味着农村子代劳动力在非正规就业选择中缺乏相应的独立性。     

Parent–Child Coresidence: Who Moves in With Whom and for Whose Needs?

Using administrative data on all adult children living in The Netherlands age 30–40 and their parents (N = 1,999,700), we investigated the extent to which situations and events associated with the support needs and privacy needs of either generation determine intergenerational coresidence and the transition to coresidence. Logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that both generations' support needs increased the likelihood of coresidence and of a move of the generation in need into the other's home. Turning to privacy needs, we found that coresidence and the transition to coresidence was less likely when a partner or stepparent was present and more likely when the adult child was a never‐married single parent.     

Digitization and materiality: researching community memory practice today

Among the most deep‐seated anxieties of the Internet age is the fear of technologically produced forgetting. Technology critics and sociologists of memory alike argue that daily exposure to overwhelming flows of information is undermining our ability to connect and synthesize past and present. Acknowledging the salience of these concerns our approach seeks to understand the contemporary conditions of collective memory practice in relation to processes of digitization. We do so by developing an analysis of how digital technologies (image and audio capture, storage, editing, reproduction, distribution and exhibition) have become embedded in wider memory practices of storytelling and commemoration in a community setting: the Salford Lads Club, an organization in the north of England in continuous operation since 1903. The diverse memory practices prompted by the 100th anniversary of the Club's annual camp provide a context in which to explore the transformations of access, interpretation and use, that occur when the archives of civic organizations are digitized. Returning to Halbwachs' (1992) seminal insight that all collective memory requires a material social framework, we argue, contrary to prevailing characterizations of digitization, that under specific conditions, digital resources facilitate new forms of materialization that contribute to sustaining a civic organization's intergenerational continuity.     

A land of the ‘fair go’? Intergenerational earnings elasticity in Australia

This paper contributes to the existing literature on income mobility by developing and applying a two‐stage panel regression model and assessing the effects of using different levels of occupational (dis)aggregation and different earnings measures on the magnitude of father–son earnings elasticities in Australia. We find that the overall intergenerational earnings elasticity in Australia between 2001 and 2013 ranges from 0.11 to 0.30. Our preferred estimates lie between 0.24 and 0.28. Elasticity estimates vary depending on the level of occupational (dis)aggregation and earnings measure used: they are highest when two‐digit level occupations and hourly earnings are used, and lowest when four‐digit level occupations and annual earnings are used. We read these findings as indicating that elasticity estimates are sensitive to the use of different data and methods, and researchers should be careful when undertaking cross‐study, cross‐temporal or cross‐national comparisons.     

Steps Together: Children’s Experiences of Participation in Club Activities With the Elderly

The amount of time that children and elderly people spend alone has grown in recent years in Finland. Based on sociocultural theory, children’s development and learning occur in close interaction with the surrounding society, place, and time. The aim of this study is to research children’s experiences of participation in club activities for children and the elderly. The qualitative research data were collected by observing activities and interviewing children. The key factors in supporting children’s participation were common interests in rewarding activities. A warm atmosphere and humor during activities were also found to be important elements in creating positive interactions between children and the elderly.