Intergenerational Activities that Promote Engaging Conversations are Preferred among Young and Older Adults

ABSTRACT

Loneliness negatively affects young and older adults. Intergenerational activities foster social connectedness. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, this study explored which intergenerational activities are most enjoyable for college students and retirement community residents. Demographics, loneliness, enjoyment, conversation level, and type of activity were analyzed. The enjoyment and conversation variables were positively correlated (r = .59, p < .001) which was supported by participants’ narratives. Both populations most enjoyed the activities with higher conversation levels, with the first being committees, followed by meals, one on one activities, and transportation. Retirement communities and universities should promote intergenerational activities, which include meaningful conversations.     

Intergenerational Coresidence and Nearness in Korea and Japan: Unbalanced Aspects of Family Changes

Abstract  This study aims to explain similarity and difference in geographic proximity between elderly parents and their children in Korea and Japan. Using data sets from two nationally representative surveys conducted in Korea and Japan, this study examines the extent to which needs and kinship of elderly parents and regional constraints influence intergenerational coresidence and nearness.
Results highlight a complex feature of intergenerational relationship in Korea and Japan. Advanced economic and health conditions of Korean elderly parents increase the likelihood of living with children. For Japanese elderly parents, however, coresidence with children is significantly likely to occur in response to their disadvantaged economic status. These results suggest that the elderly Korean are more likely than the elderly Japanese to lack not only economic and health resources but also opportunities in obtaining family support in a time of need.
Characteristics of children, however, show a similar trend between the two societies. Both societies maintain a strong son preference for extended family living arrangement. Eldest children in both societies are more likely than their siblings to live with or near elderly parents. However, children of younger cohorts in both societies are significantly more likely than those of older cohorts to maintain a disperse geographic network indicating a significant change in family attitude among different cohorts.
Finally, this study finds a more disperse family network among rural elderly parents than urban elderly parents in both societies reflecting the fact that massive rural-to-urban migration of young population has contributed to geographic segregation of kinship in these societies.     

从疍民到“市民”：身份制与海洋渔民的代际流动

文章通过对一户海洋渔民三代流动的考察,认为自新中国成立以来,代际流动经过了一个由“显性制度安排下的结构性流动”到“有限的自由流动”,再到“隐性制度安排下的‘自由流动’”的过,程。在这个过程中变迁的主轴是以户籍为核心的身份制。但真正能改变个体社会地位的是依附于身份制的资源分配制度,而不是形式上的“身份”。     

我国农民工就业代际差异研究——以成都市为例

统筹城乡经济社会发展是一项系统工程,统筹城乡就业则是其中重要组成部分。结合对成都市农民工就业状况的调研数据,运用定量研究的方法,分析第一代农民工与新生代农民工就业代际差异与相关影响因素。研究结果显示:两代农民工在职业价值观、就业发展能力和就业质量等方面,既有很大的代际差异,也存在一定的代际传承现象,探讨解决新生代农民工就业问题的路径选择:构建实现社会公平正义的制度安排;探讨劳动力市场灵活稳定型就业机制的实现路径;加大对其人力资本的投入力度;促使其实现从"半城市化"向"市民化"的转变;构建和谐劳动关系。     

Parent Care as Unpaid Family Labor: How Do Spouses Share?

The study adapts theories of the household division of labor to the division of parent care between spouses and expands them by taking the kin relationship with the parent and the intensity of care into account. Tobit and weighted logit models are used to analyze the division of parent care in 2,214 couples from the British General Household Surveys. The models revealed patterns of parent care that are predominantly governed by the kin relationship. Time availability was strongly associated with couples' division of parent care, whereas the resource‐bargaining approach received little support except for dual‐earner couples that provided more intensive care for the husband's parents. Children‐in‐law's characteristics were hardly related to the division of high‐intensity caregiving in dual‐earner couples.     

中国城乡居民代际收入流动分析

利用CGSS提供的中国28个省区微观调查数据,应用Atkinson回归模型和转移矩阵两种度量代际收入流动性的方法,研究了中国2005年的城乡居民代际收入流动性及其影响因素。研究发现：代际收入在不同的分类下流动弹性并不大,其中城市的流动高于农村;东、中、西部的流动弹性呈现逐渐递减趋势。利用转移矩阵对流动性进行测度,研究表明：总体的代际收入流动有一种保持效应,即从最低等级转向高一等级的概率较小,从最高等级转向低一等级的概率也较小,总体的不同等级间的流动性较差。性别、年龄、受教育年限和家庭背景对个人收入的高低起着积极的作用。     

Will‐making prevalence and patterns in Australia: keeping it in the family

This article provides evidence of the prevalence of wills and the principles underpinning the intended distribution of estates in Australia. Intentions around wealth transfers and the social norms that underpin them occur in the context of predicted extensive intergenerational transfers from the ageing baby boomer generation, policies of self provision and user pays for care in old age, broader views on what constitutes ‘family’, the increased importance of the not‐for‐profit sector in the delivery of services, and the related need for philanthropy. A national telephone survey conducted in 2012 with 2,405 respondents aged 18 and over shows that wills are predominantly used to distribute assets to partners and/or equally to immediate descendants. There is little evidence that will makers are recognising a wider group of relationships, obligations and entitlements outside the traditional nuclear family, or that wills are being replaced by other mechanisms of wealth transfer. Only a minority consider bequests to charities as important. These findings reflect current social norms about entitlements to ‘family’ money, a narrow view of what and who constitutes ‘family‘, limited obligation for testators to recompense individuals or organisations for care and support provided, and limited commitment to charitable organisations and civil society.     

海南黎族社会流动状况的初步考察

对245户黎族家庭的调查结果表明,受访家庭户主的社会流动率较低,向上流动渠道不畅,社会封闭现象严重,部分受访者的社会阶层不升反降.受教育程度越高者,所处社会阶层越高、越稳定,流动的比例也越低.受访群体的代际流动渠道狭窄,上升渠道单一,从事商业服务业几乎是农家子弟的惟一上升途径.造成这种状况的主要原因在于户主子女的受教育程度与父辈相比并没有明显的提高.     

鲁迅小说的代际伦理观探析

鲁迅小说对代际伦理问题进行了理性的思考,在展现＂长者本位＂观对＂人之子＂残忍的戕害和压榨的同时,还揭露了国民对宗法精神的眷恋与维护。＂逆子＂的出场导致了具有现代意义的＂审父＂意识的开启。鲁迅立足于＂以幼为本＂的观念,既肯定幼者的自然天性,同时对其身上的根性进行了启蒙审视,体现了一种现代品质的、崭新的伦理观。     

Intergenerational income mobility and inequality in South Korea

Using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), recent trends in intergenerational income mobility were explored, examining the relationship between income mobility and income inequality in South Korea. The study found that the intergenerational elasticity of income is about 0.2 and there is no clear‐cut trend in intergenerational income mobility. In addition, this study showed that there is no systematic relation between rising income inequality and intergenerational income mobility in contemporary Korea. Overall, the results indicate that intergenerational income mobility is irresponsive to the income inequality the respondents experienced growing up. It is assumed that education and welfare transfer programs might offset the consequences of income inequality by leading to upward mobility for children from low‐income households.