A Commentary on the Triadic Theory of Influence as a Guide for Adapting HIV Prevention Programs for New Contexts and Populations

Summary

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the Collaborative HIV Prevention and Adolescent Mental Health Project-South Africa (CHAMPSA) began and to present some of the results from this South African version of CHAMP. This paper informs readers of a number of lessons about international program translation. The first important lesson is that there are universal principles of health behavior change that seem to be useful across cultures. The implementation of these principles, however, needs to be informed by an in-depth understanding of local cultural contexts. The second important lesson is that it is possible to undertake large-scale, scientifically sophisticated community-based prevention research in developing countries through international collaborative research projects. It is the authors' hope that this mixture of science, service, and business will inspire other public health, community mental health, research, and business professionals to develop international prevention interventions that can be shown to be effective, and disseminated on a wide scale.     

中国加入国际组织建设的"理论缺失"思考

大国责任感和文化传统优势是中国加入国际组织的主要文化动因.在带着自己的伦理文化传统加入各种国际组织时,我们对现存国际体系和国际制度的态度和评判,说明我们自身存在不少理论缺失.如对强权与平权、责任与等级、合作与共识、冲突与干涉等关系的解说,都还缺乏有理论深度和说服力的中国说法.必须冲破固定思路约束,有理论意识地参与国际制度建设,才能向世界展示中国文化的现代优势.     

Cross-national differences in work-nonwork conflict

The present study examines the level of work-nonwork conflict found in eight countries categorized by value dimensions of individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity. Results indicate that masculine/collectivist countries have the lowest level of work-nonwork conflict. In addition, it was found that in masculine/collectivist countries, the work role dominates over the nonwork role.     

Trans-ideological business values in international codes of conduct

Traditionally, scholars of international business have been unconcerned with ethics and values, in part due to the widely-held belief that standards vary across cultures and ideologies. Recently, however, business ethicists have considered whether there are some business-related values that are shared across cultures. Through an analysis of the codes of conduct for multinational enterprises of four international organizations, five trans-ideological business values are discovered. They are national sovereignty, social equity, human rights, market integrity and organizational autonomy. The consensus in values is critically important for both scholarship and management.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Second Annual Meeting of the International Association of Business and Society (March 1991). The author would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts.     

国际人权公约的法律监督

从有政治和道义价值的人权宣言在条件成熟时发展为有法律约束力的人权公约 ,对促进国际人权合作有积极意义。公约的法律监督以审评缔约国关于本国人权状况的报告为主 ,形成一套机制和操作程序 ,强调专家监督机构与缔约国间的对话。这与借人权之名搞政治对抗 ,是不同的。公约体制的实施是国际监督和尊重国家主权间取得某种平衡的过程     

Policy Imperatives for the International Economy and for Financial Markets in the Emerging World Order

The world economy today is swept by unprecedented rates of change, complexity, interconnectedness, and uncertainty. For the first time since the 1930s, issues of the international economy and financial markets are playing a pivotal role in discussions of foreign and domestic policy. However, even as the revolutionary trends in the international economy and in world finance are in the offing, it is important to realize that the problems of mankind are primarily economic and social, not financial or political. While the trends towards liberalization of economic policies and integration of financial markets might seem to point toward the ultimate triumph of the magic of the market and free enterprise, a little reflection will reveal a number of undercurrents, dilemmas, and difficult choices waiting to be resolved. This article identifies the structural and human dimensions of these challenges in the form of thirteen Policy Imperatives aimed at the creation of modified versions of financial markets to make them more humane and less vulnerable to failure.     

关贸总协定与科研成果管理

介绍了关贸总协定及其与知识产权之间的关系,讨论了现行知识产权管理制度中的弊端,提出了加强管理模式的几条措施,     

我的“新国际人本主义的哲学观”

在以往的研究中,作者不厌其烦地申明,马克思的哲学学说不是"唯物主义"哲学,而是一种"新人本主义"哲学,是马克思自谓的"实践的人道主义"或"完成了的自然·人道主义".时下,作者仍坚持这一观点,并进一步内化为其"以人为本"的"国际人道主义"哲学观.作者还对同仁的批评作了回复.     

Mission Impossible? Defining Nongovernmental Organizations

This paper provides a synopsis of current interpretations of the term nongovernmental organization (NGO). Although NGOs have become recognized actors in international affairs, particularly over the last decade, it has not yet been clearly defined what the term NGO encompasses. It is argued that two major tracks of NGO interpretations can be distinguished: the juridical approach, and the sociological perspective. In juridical studies, the emphasis is placed on the legal status of NGOs in the national context and their implications for international law. Sociological works, instead, are based on studies of societal actors, and try to capture the term while examining more specifically the composition and functions of NGOs in the transnational arena. Acknowledging both tracks, the paper concludes with a comprehensive definition of the term NGO.     

技术路径与中国经济增长

中国在改革开放进程中所采取的积极的产业政策拓展了与发达国家或地区的贸易关系,加快了外资引进的步伐。对外贸易和外资引进产生了技术的"外溢"和"干中学"效应,提高了市场的竞争程度,也促使国内企业积极去改进原有技术和开发新技术。这三个技术进步路径共同推动了企业技术的进步,促进了中国经济的增长。