战略边疆与中国和平发展

战略边疆指的是一国影响力所能实际控制的战略空间。在国际政治中,战略边疆具有特殊的效能,例如维护国家战略通道安全、拓展国家海外利益等。本文认为,中国在和平发展的历史进程中,也应该高举发展、和平、合作的旗帜,依据国家实力、利益分布等因素构造自己的战略边疆。     

海岛主权争端与国际关系问题探讨

我国海域辽阔,岛屿众多,但在东海和南海的海域中,部分岛屿由于各种复杂原因,至今还为外国势力所染指和占领,严重侵犯了我国的领土完整和主权安全,不仅影响了我国的海域经济发展,而且也扰乱了周边的国际关系。有鉴于此,本文对海岛主权争端与国际关系问题进行深入探讨,并提出解决海岛主权争端的对策创意。     

Economic growth and welfare: How Foreign Direct Investment contributes to improving social order in less developed countries

Abstract

Does Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) promote development? And does it change social order? The attempt to answer these questions will always be controversial, because, first, the effects differ from context to context, and second, it is highly difficult to measure the (positive) spillovers of know-how and technology etc., as well as of contributions to enhancing social responsibility and improving the standards of living in the host country. The outcome will very much depend on how state governments, international bodies, the business world and non-governmental organizations collaborate. Likewise, interdisciplinary collaboration is required to research the issue, between well-trained economists, investment theory specialists, sociologists and ethicists. For this, our article combines a large number of arguments on market and investment theory, business ethics, John H. Dunning’s eclectic paradigm, etc. It examines whether there is practical evidence to support the assumption that doing business through FDI improves social conditions in less developed countries, and whether the logic for this to happen is rooted in ethical theory. The article contributes to insights from the appropriate sub-stream of the development, FDI and poverty/bottom of the pyramid literature, and to highlighting which trends should be followed in academic research. However, there are limitations to the article, which lie with the limitations of ethics frameworks, as these are often only constructed based on certain moral appeal, and only very few of them examine the incentive compatibility of such constructs.     

广州城市国际形象及其对外传播研究

良好的城市国际形象有助于城市扩大对外交往、集聚资源和提升国际影响力,对外传播则是城市国际形象塑造和推广的重要平台。调查显示,广州城市国际知名度不断提升,＂国际商贸中心＂的形象定位逐步确立。广州城市国际形象对外传播应以此为抓手,加大对在国内居住的外国人的传播力度,强化网络媒体传播作用,丰富传播内容,根据受众调整传播重点,促进城市国际形象的不断优化和提升。     

Internationally Adopted Children After Arrival: Temperament,Behavior Problems,and Age at Adoption as Predictors of Early Motor and Communication Competence

The temperament dimensions activity, emotionality, and shyness, together with behavior problems, gender, country of birth, and age at adoption, were explored in relation to early motor and communication competence among internationally adopted children in Norway (N = 106, gender: 55 girls and 51 boys, age at adoption: M = 9.99 months, SD = 4.29 months). Based on reports from adoptive mothers, regression analysis including all the variables showed that 56% of the variance in motor competence and 64% in communication competence were explained. Age at adoption explained most of the variance in both areas, while increased level of activity showed a significant correlation with improved motor competence.     

From intergovernmental negotiations to (sub)national change

In the last thirty years, a process of global norm creation in the field of gender equality has taken place. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women marks a milestone in this process: it emerged as the first legally binding international instrument for the protection of women's rights. The 180 states that have ratified the Convention have interpreted their treaty obligations in diverse ways, ranging from reluctance to active incorporation. Beyond its original mandate, CEDAW has increased attention on gender issues within the UN human rights framework. Further, it has motivated transnational NGO activism that uses the Convention to connect local understandings of women's rights with global standards to influence national policy developments. Taking these global, national and transnational dynamics together, the article argues that CEDAW has been transformed from a ‘classical’ intergovernmental regime to a transnational network enforcing women's rights. Based on these findings, a theoretical view on global norm creation and enforcement is developed that stresses the reciprocal interrelation between global, national and local spheres. Instead of assuming a ‘trickle-down’ dynamic as a consequence of global agreements, it is argued that the legitimacy and authority of global norms depends on their active interpretation and appropriation within national and local contexts all over the world.     

Shifting Loyalties: Support for a Global State and Nationalism

It has been suggested that the increasing power and prominence of global organizations may be undermining the nation state as an organizational form. In an attempt to understand how these dynamics may play out at the individual level a sample of US social movement actors were surveyed to measure support for nationalism and support for the creation of a global state. Support for a global state is hypothesized to be negatively associated with support for national governments. Multivariate binary and ordinal logistic regressions show a number of demographic and attitudinal variables are positively associated with nationalism and, generally, are negatively associated with support for a global state.

Se ha sugerido que el creciente poder y la importancia de las organizaciones globales pueden estar debilitando la nación estado como una forma organizacional. En un intento para entender la manera como estas dinámicas pueden interpretarse a un nivel individual, se realizó una encuesta a una muestra de actores del movimiento social estadounidense para medir el respaldo al nacionalismo y el apoyo a la creación de un estado global. El respaldo a un estado global de estar asociado negativamente con el apoyo a los gobiernos nacionales, es una hipótesis. Las regresiones logísticas ordinales, binares y multivariantes, que muestran un número de variables demográficas y de actitud, están asociadas positivamente con el nacionalismo y generalmente asociadas negativamente con el respaldo a un estado global.

有观点认为,全球性组织日益增长的权力和声望可能正在动摇作为一种组织形式的民族国家的地位。为求了解这种动势如何在个人层面上演变,本文选取了美国社会运动参与者作为样本进行调查,测量其对国家主义的支持程度和对建立全球性国家的支持程度。本文的假设是,对全球性国家的支持与对各国政府的支持负相关。多元二进制逻辑回归分析和有序逻辑回归分析结果显示,若干人口和态度变量与支持国家主义正相关,与支持全球性国家负相关。

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国际强行法的基本法理思考

国际强行法的出现改变了国际法体系纯粹由任意法组成的局面,使得国际法获得了“公法”属性,成为名副其实的“国际公法”.国际强行法的约束力并非根源于主权同意,其法律渊源与传统国际法大相径庭.国际强行法与《联合国宪章》第103条共同促使国际法律体系出现了一定规范的等级秩序,前者在于维护所确立的法律关系之排他性,后者在于确保宪章义务之优先性.     

Books and Publications Received

Manpower developments should be examined against the population background. Population and manpower structure of post-war Europe is the haphazard result of various trends, war losses and tremendous shifts of population. Conditions have been changing rapidly, so that computations regarding the structural changes of populations prior to 1949 are in many cases not significant.

The major pre-war trends in economic structure appear to have continued after the war with the exception of commerce, which has not maintained its previous upward trend.

The present disturbed situation is not a convenient platform for projections of population or of manpower. Anyhow, any speculation as to future developments should be based on the knowledge of the specific conditions obtaining in the various countries. Differences in the economic and social structure, as well as in legislation between the various parts of Europe, no longer warrant a smooth and uniform development in accordance with the pre-war pattern. There are, on the other hand, some features of a prospective rapprochement in the economic and social field between Western and Eastern Europe.     

Commoditization of Lifestyle Migration: Japanese Retirees in Malaysia

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the relationship between mobilities created from individual choices and the market factors driving lifestyle migration. The transnational mobility of elderly Japanese throughout Asia is considered one of the emerging cases of international retirement migration in Asia, an overall relatively new phenomenon. Through examining the sociocultural aspects of lifestyle migration in the case of Japanese international retirement migration to Malaysia, this paper argues that lifestyle migration, as a form of consumption, results in self-realization that has a culturally specific meaning for Japanese retirees. By linking tourism and migration, this paper proposes that the mobilities market serves as a mediator of transnational human mobilities and argues that the commoditization of Japanese international retirement migration reflects on both the socioeconomic and sociocultural aspects of Japan as an aging society. Ethnographic data, alongside media discourse analysis, demonstrates how the expectation of self-realization is mediated through the promotion of Malaysia as a destination country of Japanese international retirement migration and their culturally specific understandings of retirement lifestyle.