Capitalizing the Crisis? Explanatory Factors for the Design of Short‐time Work across Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development Countries

This article looks at the financial and economic crisis 2008–10 in 18 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development states and seeks to investigate explanatory paths for the subsidization of further education within short‐time work programmes. Several hypotheses are put to the test: first, a classical partisan difference argument; second, a varieties of capitalism approach proposing a successful joint rallying of employers and employees for subsidization in coordinated market economies; and, lastly, the merged hypothesis that right‐wing parties in a coordinated economic context might subsidize feeling the pressure to overcompensate an ‘issue ownership’ of left parties in the field of employee‐friendly policies. We identify four explanatory paths: coordinated economies in the sample subsidized when they were economically closed or highly indebted. The results also support our combined hypothesis, that New Zealand – a left‐governed liberal market economy – and right‐governed coordinated market economies of the non‐Scandinavian type subsidized.     

The Great Recession and Welfare State Reform: Is Retrenchment Really the Only Game Left in Town?

By 2010, when the Greek sovereign debt crisis changed into an existential crisis of the euro, all developed democracies entered a phase in which they had to consolidate their budgets, typically implying a politics of austerity. The scholarly literature, as well as the popular press, suggests that – consequently – welfare retrenchment and cost containment became the only games left in town. In this article, we study the welfare state reform measures taken between 2010 and 2012 in four countries characteristic of mature welfare state regimes (liberal, UK; conservative, Germany; social democratic, Denmark; and hybrid, the Netherlands) to examine empirically whether austerity has indeed become the only item left on the policy menu. Our analysis reveals that retrenchment features prominently on the agenda everywhere, but nowhere by itself. While compensation for income loss is rare since 2010, this still happens. More unexpectedly, reforms in line with a social investment agenda (like expansion of child care or active labour market policies) are still being pursued in all our four cases.     

From pension funds to piggy banks: (Perverse) consequences of the Stability and Growth Pact since the crisis

As part of their strategy for economic and monetary union, European governments committed themselves to fiscal discipline – particularly by placing limits on annual deficits and on public debt. Subsequently, and as they sought to respond to the “current crisis”, they embraced the view that only if public finances were kept under control would sustainable recovery be possible. Rules of fiscal governance were strengthened. To help them meet these rules, the governments of many member States of the European Union made changes to their pension systems or to funds they had established specifically to pay the costs of population ageing. The intention was not to cut retirement benefits or to improve the efficiency of the relevant pension schemes and institutions. Rather, it was to free up resources immediately. Funded pension schemes and pension funds were treated like “piggy banks” that were raided when times became hard. Moreover, the policies pursued succeeded in meeting their objectives only because the system of national accounts according to which outcomes are judged does not recognize the way in which most of the fiscal gains are matched by future fiscal liabilities.     

基于Pair-Copula贝叶斯网络模型的金融危机传播效应研究

为克服传统Copula函数建模的复杂性,采用Pair-Copula贝叶斯网络方法,将Copula函数与贝叶斯网络的优势相结合,有效降低了高维Copula函数参数估计的复杂程度,解决了连续型贝叶斯网络非正态下边际分布难以控制的问题,有利于捕捉网络结点间的非对称相依结构,从而构建了国际8个代表性股票市场在次贷危机爆发前、中、后各个时期的概率网络模型,对危机在主要国际市场上的传播效应问题及传播路径识别问题进行实证研究。研究结果表明:金融危机在国际金融市场上具有明显的区域性传播特征;香港市场在金融危机发生前后一直都是亚洲市场的连接枢纽,是风险防范的关键节点;危机发生后欧洲市场与亚洲市场间的紧密程度加强;金融危机减缓了全球一体化的进程,但经济全球化的趋势势不可挡。     

论社会党国际人权观的新变化

人权是社会党国际的身份特征之一,社会党国际自重建以来,就一直在为维护人权而斗争。社会党国际的人权观有一个发展和完善的过程,社会党国际人权观的演变是其纲领和政策革新的具体表现,同时也是西方国家全球战略调整的表现。社会党国际人权观具有双重性,既有着进步性的一面,也有着消极甚至反动性的一面。     

此在生存之根的理论反思:生存论视域内的信仰学研究

信仰危机是现代社会的基本问题之一.信仰危机的实质在于人的自身的生存论的危机,是人的完整存在的本体论危机.因此,重建信仰,重建人的完整性,加强信仰学的研究是我们的必然理论选择和现实选择.     

论马克思经济危机理论的形成与发展

马克思的危机理论是马克思经济思想的重要组成和不可分割的部分.用马克思辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的观点研究马克思主义的危机理论形成过程,对于认识资本主义社会和我国社会主义条件下实行市场经济体制中遇到的实际问题,均有着十分重大的理论价值和现实意义.     

黎昔非和《昙华》文艺半月刊

1933年春,与胡适有师生之谊、时任《独立评论》经理人的黎昔非,同几位文学青年在北平创办了《昙华》文艺半月刊。在国难当头、风云变幻的岁月,昙华社同人关注人生,坚持操守,在作品中鲜明地反映出时代青年的忧患意识,尤其是刊物上一组以抗击日寇为题材的小说,表达了对邪恶、黑暗、反动势力的愤怒和坚强不屈的民族精神。这些作品是东北全境沦陷和“一.二八事变”后首批反映抗日救亡的短篇小说,因而弥足珍贵。     

国际支付的法律冲突

解决国际支付的法律冲突具有重要的理论价值和实践意义,解决管辖权、法律选择适用等方面的问题,有利于解决国际支付的纠纷。     

发展中国家现代化的世界历史意义

发展中国家所处的环境、条件和社会结构的特殊性,决定了发展中国家现代化必然要走一条不同于西方现代化的道路。发展中国家在现代化道路上取得的成就,从理论和实践上根本动摇了“西方中心说”,并使现代化成为了全球性的现代化。