构建石油企业国际竞争力评价指标的探索

近年来,国际国内油价的持续走低对石油企业的生产经营产生了巨大的影响。当前,我国已经成为世界主要的石油生产国和进口国,同时也面临着前所未有的挑战。面对复杂的国际市场和严峻的竞争形势,必须对我国石油企业的国际竞争力进行科学、合理的测评,以便制定针对性的对策和建议。运用因子分析法,结合我国石油企业的特点,选择整体规模实力、获利盈利能力、资源开发生产能力、可持续发展能力、国际化水平等代表性指标,构建出我国石油企业国际竞争力评价指标体系。运用这一体系对我国石油企业的国际竞争力进行实证分析,结果表明：我国石油企业的国际运营能力、盈利能力相对薄弱,应大力实施“走出去战略”,积极整合企业实力与全球资源,不断提升其国际竞争力。     

采掘业企业资产弃置义务负债确认计提的国际比较研究

以英国和澳大利亚的煤炭、金属矿和石油天然气行业上市公司为IASB样本,以美国和加拿大的同行业公司为FASB样本,分行业与中国的公司进行比较,分析采掘业企业在资产弃置义务负债确认计提方面的差异。研究发现,中国除石油天然气行业与国际同行接轨外,煤炭和金属矿采掘业企业在资产弃置义务负债确认计提上均存在着严重不足。研究结果表明,中国资产弃置义务相关准则自身的问题、投资者保护与环境规制强度的不足,制约了中国企业对资产弃置义务负债的确认,而较低的环境规制强度进一步影响到对资产弃置义务负债的计提。     

世界级大都会区建设的国际经验及启示

文章在对美国纽约大都会区、英国伦敦大都会区、日本东京大都会区等国际知名大都会区建设的实践经验进行梳理的基础上,总结出国际大都会区建设对促进珠三角大都会区建设的若干启示：政府引导是关键,交通设施建设是基础,中心城市优势突出、定位明晰,优化产业结构、实现错位发展。     

The challenges of corporate social responsibility (CSR) multi-stakeholder practices: searching for a new occupational social work model in China

The emergence of China as a ‘world's factory’ in the new millennium was accompanied by the rise of a new working class which was composed of more than 200 million peasant-workers. As internal migrant labourers, these peasant-workers were deprived of citizenship rights to reside in the city and lacked basic labour rights and protections. In order to address the precarious working conditions of migrant workers who were employed by transnational corporations, a global Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) movement emerged, introducing a wide range of transnational corporate codes of conduct, labour standards and labour rights. This article presents a case study of a transnational CSR multi-stakeholder training programme at a Chinese workplace, in an attempt to demonstrate how capital, transnational NGOs and local labour NGOs – and including social workers – are all involved in the project to promote labour rights in China. Specific focus is placed on the role of social workers in enhancing worker participation in this project; the challenges and dilemmas that they encountered in the process, and suggestions are provided regarding the future development of a new model of occupational social work in China.     

国际环境技术转移中的知识产权问题刍议

环境技术大多是以专利等知识产权的形式存在,为了实现专利权人的商业利益,跨国公司总是利用知识产权控制环境技术向发展中国家转移,因此,国际环境技术转移对知识产权具有高度的依赖性。《联合国气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》等环境公约对国际环境技术转移的规定具有模糊性,并且和《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》的规定存在矛盾。为了实现国际环境技术转移的目的,我国既需要坚持环境公约谈判中的“共同但有区别责任”原则,也需要对国内法进行相关法律制度的完善。     

国际刑法中儿童军承担刑事责任最小年龄研究

世界上没有一场战争是由儿童发动的,但当战争发生时儿童往往不可避免地卷入战争,甚至走向前线参与战事.这些无辜儿童一旦参与战事,就会发生侵害行为,导致严重的国际犯罪,触犯国际刑法.但各国刑法对儿童承担刑事责任年龄规定不统一,加之国际社会对儿童军刑事责任的最小年龄没达成共识,因此在国际刑法实践中导致儿童军的处境差异很大,甚至违背国际刑法人道主义原则.为实现对儿童军刑事责任的合理处理,《日内瓦公约》之《附加议定书》《联合国少年司法最低限度标准规则》《联合国儿童权利公约》《国内法与国际法原则下的未成年人刑事责任决议》都为此进行了努力,并取得了很大进展.但因为国际社会并没有对儿童军承担刑事责任最小年龄做出明确统一规定,加之从欧洲人权法庭司法审判和塞拉利昂特别法庭规约等实践看,国际社会要想合理地解决儿童军的刑事责任,国际社会就应明确统一规定儿童军承担国际犯罪刑事责任的最小年龄.     

论政府优化私募股权投资环境的作用:国际经验与启示

通过梳理国外政府在私募股权投资市场发展过程中的实践和成功经验,从法律环境、财税支持、资本市场环境、参与投资和监管等多个视角,探讨我国私募股权投资存在的问题,并就应如何优化私募股权投资环境,提出了应明确政府的相关责任,完善私募期权投资的相关法律法规,规范监管体系等相关建议,以期促进我国私募股权投资市场的健康发展。     

法治与全球治理机制的合法化

主体重塑是全球治理浮现和发展的重要特征,各种不同类型的政府间国际组织逐步转型为各具特点的全球治理机制是主体重塑的表现之一,但也引发了关于全球治理机制的合法性的追问。全球治理宪法化这一理论就是解决上述问题的一种尝试,但仍有其局限性。全球治理宪法化的主张实际上意味着一种从法治的角度推进全球治理机制改革及完善其合法性的努力。近年来关于联合国和世界贸易组织的法治化进程的讨论展现了这一思考进程的重要性。     

留学生临床实习质量保障体系的研究与实践

通过总结南京医科大学历年留学生实习管理经验,对刚刚完成实习的2007级来华留学生进行问卷调查,了解实习准入制度、实习带教方法和实习前强化培训等方面存在的问题,以此为基础,探讨适合学校实际情况的临床实习质量保障体系.     

Economic growth and welfare: How Foreign Direct Investment contributes to improving social order in less developed countries

Abstract

Does Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) promote development? And does it change social order? The attempt to answer these questions will always be controversial, because, first, the effects differ from context to context, and second, it is highly difficult to measure the (positive) spillovers of know-how and technology etc., as well as of contributions to enhancing social responsibility and improving the standards of living in the host country. The outcome will very much depend on how state governments, international bodies, the business world and non-governmental organizations collaborate. Likewise, interdisciplinary collaboration is required to research the issue, between well-trained economists, investment theory specialists, sociologists and ethicists. For this, our article combines a large number of arguments on market and investment theory, business ethics, John H. Dunning’s eclectic paradigm, etc. It examines whether there is practical evidence to support the assumption that doing business through FDI improves social conditions in less developed countries, and whether the logic for this to happen is rooted in ethical theory. The article contributes to insights from the appropriate sub-stream of the development, FDI and poverty/bottom of the pyramid literature, and to highlighting which trends should be followed in academic research. However, there are limitations to the article, which lie with the limitations of ethics frameworks, as these are often only constructed based on certain moral appeal, and only very few of them examine the incentive compatibility of such constructs.