从供应链分析探讨传统出口型外贸企业的发展战略

从分析传统外贸企业在国际供应链中的地位入手,研究了传统外贸企业的现有功能和功能扩展空间,从而提出传统外贸企业应该坚持加强供应链管理、加强战略合作伙伴关系的建设,并努力实现信息化的战略发展方向。     

Cultural Anthropology and Open Access—Interview With Dominic Boyer,Cymene Howe,and Marcel LaFlamme

Abstract

In this installment of “Conversations,” Dominic Boyer, Cymene Howe, and Marcel LaFlamme, of the Cultural Anthropology editorial team, discuss the ins and outs of publishing a gold open access journal in the field of anthropology. Highlights of the discussion include Cultural Anthropology’s move to open access, the ethics of open access, the growth of international readership, ongoing publishing challenges in open access, and the role libraries can play with open access publishing.     

Kernel estimation of a distribution function

A distribution function is estimated by a kernel method with

a poinrwise mean squared error criterion at a point x. Relation- ships between the mean squared error, the point x, the sample size and the required kernel smoothing parazeter are investigated for several distributions treated by Azzaiini (1981). In particular it is noted that at a centre of symmetry or near a mode of the distribution the kernei method breaks down. Point- wise estimation of a distribution function is motivated as a more useful technique than a reference range for preliminary medical diagnosis.     

Bayesian approach to estimation of intraclass correlation using reference prior

For the balanced variance component model when the intraclass correlation coefficient is of interest, Bayesian analysis is often appropriate. Berger and Bernardo’s (1992a) grouped ordering reference prior approach is used to analyze this model. The reference priors are developed and compared for the posterior inference with real and simulated data. We examine whether the reference priors satisfy the probability-matching criterion. Further, the reference prior is shown to be good in the sense of correct frequentist coverage probability of the posterior quantile.     

国际贸易统计研究中的几个基本关系

为使国际贸易统计和贸易平衡的研究更为深入和更好地开展,本文建议在研究中要处理好以下三个基本关系：经济发展与统计体系建设的关系,中国贸易统计的国际接轨与促进国际统计制度变革的关系,贸易统计数据生产与贸易统计数据使用的关系。     

跨文化沟通与国际经济

搞好跨文化沟通是国际经济活动成功的重要条件.本文以西欧、美国、阿拉伯国家和日本为对象探讨其文化差异和沟通的途径.     

The EPA Health Risk Assessment of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT)

This paper describes the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's assessment of potential health risks associated with the possible widespread use of a manganese (Mn)-based fuel additive, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). This assessment was significant in several respects and may be instructive in identifying certain methodological issues of general relevance to risk assessment. A major feature of the inhalation health risk assessment was the derivation of Mn inhalation reference concentration (RfC) estimates using various statistical approaches, including benchmark dose and Bayesian analyses. The exposure assessment component used data from the Particle Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (PTEAM) study and other sources to estimate personal exposure levels of particulate Mn attributable to the permitted use of MMT in leaded gasoline in Riverside, CA, at the time of the PTEAM study; on this basis it was then possible to predict a distribution of possible future exposure levels associated with the use of MMT in all unleaded gasoline. Qualitative as well as quantitative aspects of the risk characterization are summarized, along with inherent uncertainties due to data limitations.     

Reference priors for a product of normal means when variances are unknown

The reference priors of Berger and Bernardo (1992) are derived for normal populations with unknown variances when the product of means is of interest. The priors are also shown to be Tibshirani's (1989) matching priors.     

Humanitarian response and stress in Kenya: gendered problems and their implications

ABSTRACT

Stress-related conditions such as burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder are a growing concern in the humanitarian sector. Aid workers themselves report not only that mental health problems are common, but that the support they receive from their employers is insufficient. Problematically, the experience of the international aid worker – particularly those who are white and from the global North – is often foregrounded in explaining what constitutes stress and related mental health problems. This indicates a wider problem of what is required of ‘the perfect humanitarian’ – a personality that is gendered and racialised – and how this influences the different experiences and treatment of national and international staff from aid agencies. This article explores the organisational culture and working conditions of humanitarian settings and their impact on the mental health and well-being of staff. It argues that there is a structural dimension to stress that is less to do with external security threats and more to do with the specific infrastructure, policies, and practices of humanitarian operations, with implications for aid workers which cut across dimensions of race, gender, and nationality.     

"一战"以前的国际法与"少数人权利"的保护

“少数人”是非常古老的社会现象 ,而“少数人问题”却是近代社会的产物 ,并逐渐成为现代国际法十分关注的重要内容。近代以来的历史进程表明 ,“少数人权利”不仅是国际法中不可或缺的重要内容和组成部分 ,“少数人权利”本身的不断完善和进步又从一个方面促进了整个国际法的完善和进步 ,丰富和发展了现代国际法体系。尽管目前国际法中有关少数民族和“少数人权利”的内容大部分形成于第二次世界大战之后 ,但其历史渊源可以追溯到近代国际法形成的早期 ,许多内容又是在总结和吸取历史经验教训的基础上形成的。在这个意义上 ,回顾和总结第一次世界大战以前国际法中“少数人权利”保护的历程 ,重新审视国际社会逐渐发现、承认并尊重“少数人权利”的历史过程 ,是很有意义的