知识经济与软件商品

知识经济时代的到来 ,使凝结在社会财富中的科学技术含量日益增加 ,软件随之成为独立的存在 ,并已走向商品化。软件的无形属性 ,不像硬件那样容易触摸 ,所以常常使人忽视其存在 ,形成若干观念误区。软件的总体数量超过硬件 ,是人类历史的进步 ,标志着社会生产力进入了崭新的阶段。文章对知识经济时代的软件商品做了全面考察。当前的重要任务就是从简单的粗放劳动解放出来 ,走向高效细腻的智力劳动 ,知识经济时代也就是软件商品时代     

苏联对当代中国第一次改革的影响

1956—1978年是当代中国第一次改革时期。苏共“二十大”是这次改革的起点,对斯大林的评价影响了这次改革的深度和广度,中苏冲突、论战使这次改革偏离了正常的航道。应该看到,中苏冲突、论战含有国家利益和意识形态的双重因素,认识中苏冲突、论战不能局限于社会主义阵营内部,而应从国际政治的角度出发,这样才能正确评价苏联对当代中国第一次改革的影响。同时应该看到,中国第一次改革为第二次改革留下了宝贵的遗产。     

Building a new international is necessary and urgent

ABSTRACT

Samir Amin was one of the most creative Marxists, but also an orthodox, as his appeal for a new international proves, consistent with his defense of the socialist revolution against a decaying capitalist system, which threatens with the extinction of human civilization. However, in a contradictory way, if in the past the material conditions did not exist, they exist today, materializing in a distorted manner by capitalism, the organization of a revolutionary international leadership has never been so non-existent. This article begins by demonstrating the systemic conditions that require the proletariat to build a new International, the reasons for the current difficulty in achieving it; and, from the analysis of the most successful experience to date, the Third International, lessons are drawn for a future Fifth International.     

Selecting social work students: lessons from research in Scotland

The issue of selection of students to social work programmes is one that remains highly contested. While it is clear that there is no single way of choosing the next generation of social work students, nevertheless, there are a number of strongly held beliefs about what ‘best practice’ means in this fraught field. These can be difficult to challenge, and even harder to shift, in spite of contrary evidence. This paper presents research conducted in Scotland in 2016 as part of the Scottish Government-sponsored Review of Social Work Education. The research set out to consider what selection processes were being used in Scotland and why; more fundamentally, it sought to explore the views of those involved in social work education alongside evidence about the outcomes of the selection processes (that is, data on student retention and success). The article concludes that while there is little evidence that one method of selection to social work programmes is intrinsically better than another, issues of fairness and transparency in selection, as well as diversity, remain pressing.     

Policy transfer and role of policy entrepreneur in international aid: exploring international development cases of Korea and Vietnam

This paper looks at how an innovative policy comes to be transferred to another country and be successfully implemented. We explore three key dimensions (time, location, and people) in policy transfer studies using two cases of international aid (Saemaul Undong and e-Government projects). Utilizing a case study method, this paper upholds the predominant role of the policy entrepreneur over the environment (different time frame and different social, political, economic systems). The stakeholder analysis shows that policy entrepreneur’s role is critical in making policy transfer successful. In part, this argument is in line with previous “Advocacy Networks” studies, such as that of Keck and Sikkink (1998), highlighted the importance of policy entrepreneurs being able to navigate in the networks of international development. This paper aims to contribute to the literature by applying Dolowitz and Marsh’s policy transfer framework in the international aid context and calls for further empirical research employing the network analysis method.     

商业化：英国普通大学国际教育的基本特点——以英国阿伯瑞斯特维斯大学为例

阿伯瑞斯特维斯大学是英国的一所普通大学,它国际教育的理念、模式、合作关系和产品设计都是以商业化为指导,在英国普通大学中有一定的代表性。可以说,商业化是目前英国普通大学国际教育的基本特点,是经济全球化,英国政府的鼓励引导,各国广阔的市场和大学自身努力共同作用的结果,这对我国普通大学开展国际教育工作有较大的启示。     

国际股市对上证综指的影响

为了检验国际股市对上海股市的影响,选取2000—2011年国际主要股票市场与中国股票市场日收盘数据,分别假定模型扰动项服从正态分布、学生t分布或广义误差分布(GED),根据极大似然函数值准则和赤池信息准则选择最优的非对称GARCH模型,研究了标准普尔500(SP500)、恒生指数(HIS)、伦敦富时(FTSE)、日经(N225)对上证综指(SSEC)的影响。结果表明:香港市场和英国市场对上海市场均存在正向影响,美国市场与上海市场负相关,香港市场的影响最为显著,日本股市对上海股市不存在明显影响。同时发现上证综指收益率波动存在杠杆效应,利空消息对股市的冲击大于利好消息对股市的冲击。     

人道主义竞争——历史的新潮流

放任自流的利已主义自由竞争，会陷入弱肉强食的自然淘汰主义。而以适当的结构及规矩为基础的竞争，将为人与社会带来活力，人道主义竞争的价值便在于此。这概念在认同竞争存在的必要性的同时，也确保竞争不与人道精神脱节。人道主义竞争所包含的活力，与人道主义所关注的课题牢牢地联系起来。这正是二十一世纪所需要的主流思想模式。     

浅析新中国成立初期“一边倒”对外战略

新中国成立初期实行的“一边倒”对外战略，是当时特殊历史下的特殊战略选择。新中国在实行“一边倒”对外战略中，仍然坚持独立自主的原则立场，维护了国家和民族利益。因此，“一边倒”对外战略在当时对于巩固新中国政权、挫败美国对新中国实施的战略包围与封锁、维护世界和平等，有着重要的历史意义。     

Depressive Symptoms in Mothers of Recently Adopted Post-Institutionalized Children

To determine whether depressive symptoms are elevated within months of adoption, we compared women who had recently adopted a toddler from an overseas orphanage to women with children of the same age who adopted more than a year before or were raising a child they birthed. The groups did not differ significantly in means or in percentage with elevated symptoms (Session 1, χ²(2) = 2.5, ns; Session 2, χ²(2) = 1.38, ns). The results provided no evidence of elevated symptoms in the first months following adoption for women who adopted internationally relative to other women with toddler-aged children.