The use of population‐level data to advance interdisciplinary methodology: a cell‐through‐society sampling framework for child development research

The authors argue that population‐level data should be used to advance interdisciplinary research about community effects on early development. These data permit the identification of neighborhoods in which development patterns deviate from predictions based on local socioeconomic status (SES). So‐called ‘off‐diagonal’ places signal where researchers are likely to discover processes that either deflect the risks of low SES or dampen the salutary impact of favorable SES. Since such neighborhoods will be best understood relative to nearby ‘on‐diagonal’ neighborhoods where macro‐economic and/or public policy factors are constant, the authors present a methodology for illuminating these regional clusters. The method is deployed in British Columbia, Canada, where a team has collected developmental observations from two censuses of kindergarten children (n = 82,632). The article discusses how these clusters can be used to coordinate sampling decisions among academics representing the range of disciplines needed to study child development from cell‐through‐society, as is recommended in the literature.     

论城市社区居委会自治性的成长——对南京市L社区议事园几个实践案例的考察

城市社区居委会,作为社区治理的重要主体,因过度行政化对其自治性造成的挤压一直是学界关注的热点,而对居委会是否具有自治性多持否定意见。我们通过观察南京市鼓楼区几个社区的治理实践,发现尽管居委会的过度行政化倾向依然普遍存在,但与此同时,社区居委会作为具有自主意志的独立行动者,在受行政力量掣肘的同时,也在力图彰显自身的独立性和向民性,居委会的自治性明显在成长。并且,兼有＂官-民＂二重性的居委会,在实践中不断探索其作为自治主体的行动策略;而社区议事园这一社区参与机制,则为居委会自治性的成长提供了良好的实践平台;政府从诸多社区管理事务中不断后撤,又为居委会自治性的成长提供了基本空间。     

农地闲置治理中的村民互助:地方经验与缺陷补正——以四川省G村为例

现有文献主要从国家政策和法律法规的层面对农地闲置的治理问题进行探讨,其研究成果局限于制度构建,忽视了实践经验的重要作用。实践中多数不适宜土地承包经营权市场化流转的地区采用村民互助的方式对闲置农地进行了有效治理,其中,以四川省G村最为典型。该村的村民互助经历了经济关系主导型、血缘关系主导型、地邻关系主导型3种类型的演变。目前,其采用的地邻关系主导型村民互助,包含着相邻居住型和农地相邻型两种实践类型,是一种为克服劳动力之不足而以地邻关系为纽带自发形成的临时性农业生产方式。G村的村民互助虽然在农地闲置治理中取得了一定成效,但仍存在部分村民参与意愿低、生产技术相对落后、互助可持续性不足等问题。应通过利用村两委和龙头企业提高村民的互助意愿;实施教育服务购买优化农民的生产技术和生产理念;借力乡贤调解纠纷提高村民互助的可持续性等途径予以解决。     

Bayesian consistency for regression models under a supremum distance

This paper studies the consistency of Bayesian nonparametric regression models. We concentrate on the use of the sup metric and dealing with non-stochastic, i.e. designed, covariate values. We illustrate our results on a normal mean regression function and demonstrate the usefulness of a model based on piecewise constant functions.     

Sup–Hellinger consistency for local density regression

Abstract

This article studies the consistency of a local density regression model under a supremum Hellinger distance. Such model applies a piecewise structure where a mixture of Dirichlet process model (MDP) is assigned as the fixed density on each piece. The piecewise construction is a straightforward way to establish sup–Hellinger consistency in a regression settings. A specific piecewise density example is presented in a simulation study.     

骑士型种植园主、文化适应与印第安性——论《奇瓦部族的酋长》之跨种族共同体建构书写

在19世纪中期美国政府对印第安人推行文明开化与强制同化的政策背景下,威廉·吉尔摩·西姆斯在其历史罗曼司作品《奇瓦部族的酋长》中对白人与印第安人之间跨种族的共同体构建进行了讽喻式书写。就共同体的领导者而言,西姆斯融合了美国当时诸多流行的男性气概范式,塑造出具有骑士精神的白人贵族精英形象作为理想的种植园主阶层载体;白人与印第安人之间的文化适应,作为对19世纪中期美国对印第安人强制性教化的反动,被当作共同体建构的主要手段;通过印第安人对自身文化传统坚守的呈现,西姆斯深入思考了如何利用印第安性来丰富跨种族共同体的身份构建问题。     

亲邻党建引领社区治理的路径探究

亲邻党建是在党建引领下,通过社区与邻居单位党组织共建,促进资源整合,壮大社会组织数量,参与社区治理的创新模式。当前如何破解亲邻党建在基层社会治理中存在的党建引领作用发挥不明显、社区治理服务水平不高、专业人才队伍缺乏、社区公共服务能力不足和公众参与社区治理途径单一等问题显得至关重要。因此,必须聚焦社区治理的问题,分析亲邻党建引领社区治理的意义以及探索亲邻党建在社区治理中的新路径,完善社区治理体系,推动社区治理现代化。     

基于邻域相关性小波去噪的滚动轴承包络解调及故障分类

将邻域相关性的冗余第二代小波应用于滚动轴承信号降噪,用Hilhert包络解调法提取的故障特征频率,比较不同转速和载荷下的提取效果,提出包络幅值峭度指标,并将其输入BP神经网络进行故障诊断。结果表明：基于邻域相关性的冗余第二代小波降噪方法能很好的抑制噪声,保留原信号的信息;降噪后的故障信号经过Hilbert包络解调能找到特征频率及其倍频,其效果优于原始信号的包络解调分析。工况会影响分析效果,且速度对提取效果的影响大于载荷。包络幅值峭度指标能很好区分不同工况的故障信号,结合BP人工神经网络诊断正确率为100%。     

Interethnic Relationships: The Role of Social Network Diversity

We examine the degree to which ethnic diversity in social networks relates to the frequency of interethnic romantic relationships for 318 college students. In a multinomial logit, we find that the odds of having an interethnic relationship once or twice, versus never, increase significantly if the respondent has a relatively ethnically diverse friendship network, is male, and supports interethnic dating. The odds of having an interethnic relationship often, versus once or twice, are significantly higher for persons of color and when the friends of the respondent's parents are relatively diverse ethnically. Findings from open‐ended data also provide support for a social network perspective, and point to the processes by which networks, gender, and ethnicity shape interethnic courtship.