科学负荷价值新论

科学分为科学自身与科学的环境。科学自身具有主体间性。科学自身的经验实证性要求技术创新以满足理论的检验 ,从而科学渗透了价值。科学、技术与社会通过涌现生成一个复杂系统 ,于是科学产生了不等于科学自身的性质 ,使科学定律渗透了价值。科学向技术转化存在合法性问题 ,是否合法与价值有关。原子弹的研制过程表明 ,科学、技术与价值之间是紧密联系的。     

从建构到对话中的建构 --认识本质的重新审视

皮亚杰的建构理论认为,认识是主体运用认识图式对外来信息的同化,当主体遇到不能用原有图式同化新的刺激时,主体就会对原先的图式进行修改和重建,进而去同化外界。这一理论超越了机械反映论。但是把建构看成是个体与环境相互作用的结果,实际上离开了主体间的交往,建构仍然无法产生。现代西方哲学的主体间性研究,使认识论研究的视野深入到主体间的关系,揭示了对话的认识论意义。我们只有在主客体的互动、主体间的对话,以及二者的交互作用中,去把握认识的建构活动,才能从更深层次上理解认识的本质。     

INTERACTIONS AMONG ‘OTHER WOMEN’: CREATING PERSONAL AND SOCIAL MEANING

This article examines the experiences of the ‘other women’, non‐academic women, who have created spaces of dialogue in which they are building networks and transforming their lives. It offers an analysis of the psychological and educational barriers they overcome in order to create personal and social change. It shows how dialogic and egalitarian learning and associative settings allow the other women to express their voices and build new proposals for the present and future. This has the potential to present new avenues for social workers and educators in their work with women in general and marginalised women in particular, pointing to more dialogic and egalitarian relationships and dynamics.     

Practice wisdom in social work: an uncommon sense in the intersubjective encounter

Social work is not, and should not be, a practice of common sense. The author revisited a vast array of literature on practice wisdom in social work and parallel conceptions in cognate disciplines. For better or worse, the idea of practice wisdom has been revitalized in standing against the deprofessionalization of social work. However, its ambiguity in meaning has somehow overridden its reputation. Practice wisdom is intuitive, tacit, and spontaneous in nature. It is an embodied phronesis of experienced practitioners. The author argues that practice wisdom in social work is not only the wisdom of analytical experience, but it is also the wisdom or a quality characterized by courtesy, kindness, consideration, compassion, and benevolence. It is uniquely uncommonsensical and has to be cultivated through the intersubjective encounter between the practitioner and service user.     

Being other: Intersubjectivity,allocentrism and the possible

This paper engages with the issues of intersubjectivity by raising three main questions about it: What is the status of the other and of the perspective of the other? How would a social ontology that starts from the other look like? and What is the relation between intersubjectivity and the possible? In addressing these questions, I propose four main approaches to self–other relations, each one focused on a different set of theories of intersubjectivity: cognitive (being self), pragmatist (becoming other), dialogical (becoming self), and allocentric (being other). Their main premises, processes, theories and proponents, as well as implications for ethics and the emergence of novelty, are reflected on in turn. Allocentrism emerges as a useful way to shift the focus from self to other in discussions of intersubjectivity, as an ontological condition of the possible, but also as a difficult position to adopt in practice, particularly in polarized societies.     

从主体性到主体间性的转向——论译者的主体性

随着20世纪80年代在西方出现的翻译研究“文化转向”以及西方认识论中对二元论的解构,翻译研究开始由传统的语言层面转换,即由原文到译文的线性研究跨越到由本体到主体,由一元到多元的研究,对翻译主体性的认识开始受到越来越多研究者的重视。然而当前翻译理论界对于翻译主体性的研究还存在着很多的争议。笔者认为：目前翻译理论界对于翻译主体性的研究不足,在翻译实践的过程中,各主体之间存在着主体间性关系,并结合西方当代哲学主体间性转向给翻译理论研究带来的启示,分析了翻译过程中各主体之间的主体间性关系。     

Recognition of Social Pain among Peers: Rethinking the Role of Bystanders in Bullying and Cyberbullying

Antibullying interventions that encourage bystanders to intervene have variable outcomes, some even associated with increased rates of bullying. In this article, I account for these challenges with a reconceptualization of the bystander role within an intersubjective field of traumatic enactment. Bystanders in adolescence and emerging adulthood can learn to play a crucial role in mitigating the traumatic effects of peer aggression by providing recognition of social pain from the unique vantage of peers—a role that parents, teachers, and clinicians must play with younger children. Two case examples demonstrate the need and potential for peers to provide empathic and accountable recognition.     

张竹坡小说评点家的角色意识与主体间性

文学主体间性的生成来自于文学交流的审美实践,张竹坡的小说评点展示了评点家强烈而自觉的主体间性意识。在《金瓶梅》的评点中,张竹坡与作者达成了“高山流水”式的共通之感;与小说文本实践着丰富的情感交流：设身处地地体会作品中人物的情感、以作品形象观照自身的审美理想;并在交流中达成理性分析与理论建构,揭示了小说“市井文字”的美学风貌和“世情小说”结构的全新追求。张竹坡小说评点的主体间性已微露现代性的光芒,具有不容忽视的价值和意义。     

论文学语言的主体间性

语言的本质是谈话,具有主体间性。但现实语言语言本质失落,成为主体性的语言,即独白的语言,语言形式成为主体性的工具。文学语言恢复了语言的主体间性,使人与世界充分地对话,使存在的意义显现。文学语言的主体间性之所以可能,就在于克服了现实语言形式的工具性和抽象性,以审美的魅力恢复了语言游戏。     

试论“第二十二条军规”的能指功能与主体间性

约瑟夫.海勒的黑色幽默小说《第二十二条军规》向我们展示了一个荒诞不经的现实世界：有组织的混乱和制度化了的疯狂。人们在＂第二十二条军规＂这只＂无影手＂的操控下,上演了一幕幕的悲喜剧,有人被这只手勒得疯狂、窒息;而有的人则借此飞黄腾达、财源滚滚。因此,无形但却无处不在的＂第二十二条军规＂像一个穿梭不息的能指,表现并规定着作品中人物的命运和他们的主体间性。