＂Democratization＂ of judicial interpretation and the Supreme Court＇s political function

最高人民法院发布新的关于司法解释工作的规定,明文确立了“公民动议司法解释立项”和“公开征求意见”的机制,从而在“民主化”的话语描述下,为其履行通过解释发展法律的政治功能建构了“表面上的民主合法性”,也使其能够在进行中国式司法解释（尤其是抽象司法解释）过程中广泛吸纳信息或知识。然而,“民主化”动向也给人留下最高人民法院无限贴近民意的印象,由此制造了使其很难在必要时进行独立、明智判断的困境。最高人民法院进行司法解释,需要在顺应民意和距离民意之间寻找适当的平衡,为此,不应再采取任何进一步“民主化”的措施。在有限范围内保留抽象司法解释,努力改革具体司法解释的内容、形式和相关制度,扩大具体司法解释适用的情形,让两种解释模式共存和竞争,以待未来的发展和选择,应是当前可取的策略。     

Anonymous voices and authorship politics in printed genealogies in Eastern Guizhou

This paper analyzes two versions of a printed genealogy collated by the Hmub and Kam in Eastern Guizhou, who gave authority to claims of consanguine bonds. It focuses on how the main text of the genealogy and other intertextual practices can either attribute authority to the genealogies or undermine it. On the one hand, elite accounts of ancestors in the genealogies invent a strong ideology of consanguinity that directly contributes to the text’s authority. At the same time, however, the use of Chinese characters to represent the Hmub phonetic system coexists with the Hmub system of patronymy within the assemblage of the individual descendant names. In other words, Chinese characters represent nonpersonal phonetic symbols of the Hmub language. This in turn means that anonymous voices can emerge in other texts. The result is a shift in the nature of authorship from an overtly collective authority to a covertly diffused anonymity.     

Communication and medial frontier crossings in the Jewish underground culture

ABSTRACT

In this essay, the author examines Jewish art and literature in the context of the unofficial public sphere in the late Soviet Union. This Jewish cultural underground emerged within a specific communicative niche, which was the result of intensive private exchange, limited knowledge, and collectively discovered sources. The space in which artists and authors shared both their “work surface” and their coffee table, and in which the cultural production coincided with its own reception and analysis, constituted the cradle of very specific aesthetic features: particular forms of intertextual and intermedial links, self-reference, as well as a blend of the alternative lifeworld and art. Moreover, the close contact with “non-Jewish” artists in the same creative and often physical space brought about a synthetic form of culture. However, unlike with the Jewish vanguard artists of the first third of the twentieth century (such as the famous Kultur-lige), this synthesis was also caused by the largely non-Jewish socialization of “new Jews” in the late Soviet Union. This paper will focus on the following questions: How did the communicative context – the partial ban on Jewish topics and the alternative, semi-private public sphere of the Jewish unofficial culture in the late Soviet era – come about, and how did these aspects influence its artifacts?     

State Policies as a Source of Civil Law*

State policies exert a great influence over Chinese civil justice. Article 6 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that state policies are a source of civil law, but the path by which they enter civil justice is not a rational one and may lead to adjudication difficulties with state policies. State policies are integrated with state law, and the laws and legal interpretations formulated by the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee, judicial interpretations, administrative regulations, autonomous regulations and special regulations, administrative rules and other regulatory documents are forms of expression of state policies. Different rules for adjudication apply depending on the different vehicles of state policy. The Supreme People’s Court can play a role in making public policy and guiding state policy into civil adjudication through “open” and “unseen” channels.     

用视听语言来解释人类文化现象

本文认为 ,影视人类学片不仅能够记录和保存人类的文化现象 ,而且能够解释和分析人类的文化现象 ,这里的关键因素就在于对“影视”一词的理解。从严格意义上来说 ,影视人类学这个概念中的“影视” ,指的不是一种艺术 ,而是一种语言 ,在影视学中叫视听语言。画面语言擅长表现具象层面的事物 ,但通过摄像和编辑的努力 ,也能够表达抽象的逻辑分析。影视人类学和人类学其他分支学科的不同之处在于它使用的是视听语言 ,而相同之处就在于解释人类的文化现象。影视人类学片是使用视听语言的学术作品     

The Use of the Talmudic Format for the Presentation of Qualitative Research

In this article, I propose to adapt the Talmud, a Jewish religious text, for the written representation of qualitative research. The form and the style of argumentation in and engendered by the Talmud can be adapted to present qualitative methods in a way that transcends the limitations of conventional formats. In addition, this format requires even greater participation in the act of reading. Because the Talmudic format uniquely addresses the difficulties involved in representing everyday life, I argue that adapting the format of the Talmud is ideal for giving voice, for presenting multiple and competing narratives alongside documents, and for further problematizing any simple notion of truth and authority.     

对《合同法》及其司法解释关于格式条款规制的再理解

法律对格式条款进行规范的法理基础在于其对于契约自由的挑战.关于《合同法》与《合同法解释（二）》对格式条款的规定,一经诞生便引来许多学者的争议,可谓是“尽是批评之言而鲜有赞美之意”.批判格式条款相关法律规定的论点集中在其法律条文之间的用词表述含糊不清和效力形态判断依据扑朔迷离以及法律规定之间互相冲突或者重叠等几个方面.因此,本文拟以《合同法》第39条、第40条与《合同法解释（二）》第9条、第10条的规定为出发点,通过学理研究对于它们各自的含义与相互之间的关系进行梳理,厘清它们之间的关系应该如何理解与适用.     

试论我国毒品案件中诱惑侦查的适用与监督——兼析最高人民法院“法〔2008〕324号”文件第六部分

诱惑侦查作为一种特殊的侦查手段在打击犯罪尤其是在打击毒品犯罪等一些组织化和隐蔽性都比较强的犯罪中发挥着重大作用。在我国的毒品犯罪中,诱惑侦查一方面发挥着积极的打击作用,另一方面却因制度缺失、规范失衡等出现了一些公权力滥用、公民基本权利受到侵害的案例。最高人民法院2008年关于此问题的司法解释因存在基本概念混淆化、具体分类笼统化、犯意诱发合法化、诱惑侦查保密化等问题,缺乏可操作性。因此建议借鉴外国法中诱惑侦查适用与监督的成熟做法和思路,结合我国司法运行环境和体制,构建符合我国司法国情的适用与监督体系,以期杜绝因不当适用诱惑侦查所造成的危害,同时充分发挥此种特殊侦查手段在打击毒品犯罪中的积极作用。     

美术创作从构思到传达的解析

作为美术工作者,最大的愿望就是多创作出优秀的美术作品。然而创作并非是件容易的事,需要具备一定的美术基础,还要掌握创作规律、总结创作经验、体悟现实生活、潜心艺术构思。同时,在这过程中创作者应注重创作状态、创作取向、创作语言三方面的研究,从而顺利解决美术创作中从构思到传达的种种问题。     

语言推定及其在法律文本翻译中的作用

分析法律推定的含义和分类,阐述法律解释中语言推定的内容、分类和意义,强调其对翻译的指导作用。