民族地区乡村经济行为模式、动机体系及其变迁研究

民族地区乡村经济中的主导经济行为模式至少存在四种类型。民族地区人们的经济行为大致有三种基本的动机体系。改革开放以来,有五种主要因素在改变着这些经济动机体系和行为模式,一是乡(镇)政府、具有准政府性质的村集体组织以及其他各种组织的推动、示范和劝导作用,二是体制改革的推动或压力,三是文化移入的诱导或冲击,四是内部创新行为的出现,五是特定文化传承的激活。     

Signaling to Partially Informed Investors in the Newsvendor Model

We analyze a signaling game between the manager of a firm and an investor in the firm. The manager has private information about the firm's demand and cares about the short‐term stock price assigned by the investor. Previous research has shown that under continuous decision choices and the Intuitive Criterion refinement, the least‐cost separating equilibrium will result, in which a low‐quality firm chooses its optimal capacity and a high‐quality firm over‐invests in order to signal its quality to investors. We build on this research by showing the existence of pooling outcomes in which low‐quality firms over‐invest and high‐quality firms under‐invest so as to provide identical signals to investors. The pooling equilibrium is practically appealing because it yields a Pareto improvement compared to the least‐cost separating equilibrium. Distinguishing features of our analysis are that: (i) we allow the capacity decision to have either discrete or continuous support, and (ii) we allow beliefs to be refined based on either the Undefeated refinement or the Intuitive Criterion refinement. We find that the newsvendor model parameters impact the likelihood of a pooling outcome, and this impact changes in both sign and magnitude depending on which refinement is used.     

Using Panel Data to Understand the Dynamics of Human Behavior in Response to Flooding

Insights into the dynamics of human behavior in response to flooding are urgently needed for the development of effective integrated flood risk management strategies, and for integrating human behavior in flood risk modeling. However, our understanding of the dynamics of risk perceptions, attitudes, individual recovery processes, as well as adaptive (i.e., risk reducing) intention and behavior are currently limited because of the predominant use of cross-sectional surveys in the flood risk domain. Here, we present the results from one of the first panel surveys in the flood risk domain covering a relatively long period of time (i.e., four years after a damaging event), three survey waves, and a wide range of topics relevant to the role of citizens in integrated flood risk management. The panel data, consisting of 227 individuals affected by the 2013 flood in Germany, were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to utilize the unique temporal dimension of the data set. Results show that attitudes, such as the respondents’ perceived responsibility within flood risk management, remain fairly stable over time. Changes are observed partly for risk perceptions and mainly for individual recovery and intentions to undertake risk-reducing measures. LCGA reveal heterogeneous recovery and adaptation trajectories that need to be taken into account in policies supporting individual recovery and stimulating societal preparedness. More panel studies in the flood risk domain are needed to gain better insights into the dynamics of individual recovery, risk-reducing behavior, and associated risk and protective factors.     

政府监管与企业加入第三方国际环境审计的模糊博弈分析

针对政府环境监管与企业实施环境行为博弈分析中无法对双方的损益情况做出判断的问题,文章结合三角模糊数构建了政府监管和企业加入第三方国际环境审计的博弈模型,分别指出了纯策略纳什均衡和混合策略均衡情况需要满足的条件,讨论了政府与污染环境企业博弈策略的影响因素及作用机制,为政府监管与企业加入第三方国际环境审计顺利实施提供了相关建议。然后通过三角结构元方法对算例进行求解,验证了结论的正确性和可行性,引入三角模糊概念更加符合实际应用情况,拓展了第三方国际环境审计的应用背景。研究结果表明,政府对消费者消费的引导和对污染企业的惩罚对企业是否决定加入第三方国际环境审计起着举足轻重的作用。     

基于RFID技术的双供应链投资决策研究

本文考虑零售商主导的分别由一个供应商和一个零售商组成的两条竞争型供应链中,当两个供应商都未投资RFID技术、只有一个供应商投资RFID技术以及两个供应商同时投资RFID技术时,考虑供应商成本结构的差异,对比分析供应链的投资决策。由于模型解析解过于复杂,本文通过算例分析,着重考虑产品的替代率、RFID标签价格以及库存可获得率三个因素对供应链成员利润的影响。结果表明两条供应链对RFID技术的投资决策会因成本结构和产品替代率的不同而发生变化,其中在两个供应商生产成本差异较大且产品竞争强度较低时,生产成本较高的供应商更愿意投资RFID技术,而生产成本较低的供应商不愿意投资RFID技术,两个零售商则希望使用RFID技术,所以此时仅会有一条供应链上的成员达成一致,决定投资使用RFID技术。     

共享单车用户机会主义行为的演化博弈分析

目前为止,共享单车用户的机会主义行为是共享单车能否发展的关键制约因素之一。基于此,尝试用演化博弈理论建立共享单车企业与用户间的演化博弈模型发掘用户的机会主义行为动因及利益相关者作用。研究表明:用户收益是其行为选择的决定性因素,用户机会主义行为收益大于规范行为收益是机会主义行为的产生根源;共享单车企业的激励约束可对用户行为起到调节作用,约束强度将对用户机会主义行为的程度产生负向影响。最后,针对演化博弈模型分析结果,提出了相应管理对策建议。     

我国农村金融市场结构与绩效研究

在借鉴产业组织理论体系SCP分析范式的基础上,引入制度因素,对我国农村金融市场结构、行为、绩效及各要素影响机理进行分析,探讨农村金融改革的成效、存在的问题,并提出相应的政策建议,主要包括：改善城乡金融市场二元分割的局面, 统筹发展城乡金融市场;进一步放松农村金融机构进入壁垒,放宽产品和业务创新的自主权;加快抵押担保和保险等相关配套制度建设,改善农村金融生态环境。     

论村干部在突发事件中的行为规范

以村干部为研究对象,深入考察村干部个人决策行为与职务决策行为在处置突发事件中的影响,并通过对村干部在突发事件中行为的分析,提出突发事件事前预防、事中处置、事后恢复重建三个阶段中村干部行为的标准及规范流程,并提出建立规范化村级组织机构应急策略,以此推动应急决策的制度化、规范化与程序化。     

零售商店绿色实践对顾客公民行为的影响研究

随着绿色发展成为国家战略,零售商店开展绿色实践是大势所趋,不仅对整个社会的绿色发展至关重要,也会对零售商店竞争力提升产生重要影响.然而,现今有关零售商店绿色实践方面的研究仍处于起步阶段,关于零售商店绿色实践对顾客公民行为影响的研究更为鲜见.文章根据亲社会行为理论、社会认同理论和精细加工理论构建零售商店绿色实践对顾客公民行为影响的概念模型,采用情境实验法进行实证检验.研究结果表明:零售商店的三类绿色实践均显著影响顾客公民行为,这种影响一方面是直接的,另一方面是通过顾客—商店认同间接作用于顾客公民行为,即顾客—商店认同在零售商店的三类绿色实践对顾客公民行为的影响路径中均起部分中介作用;顾客自我提升动机在零售商店的三类绿色实践对顾客—商店认同、顾客公民行为的影响路径中均具有正向调节作用.     

契约型农产品渠道中专有资产投入、人际信任与关系稳定

文章探讨了收购商与农户构成的契约型农产品渠道关系中,收购商与农户双方的专有资产投入对农户信任的影响,以及农户信任对关系稳定性的影响作用.实证研究发现,收购商专有资产投入会促进农户信任,而农户专有资产投入会强化上述关系;同时,农户信任会提升其续约意愿,降低其违约倾向.此外,政府支持会强化农户信任对其续约意愿的正向影响,但会削弱农户信任对其违约倾向的负向影响.研究结论拓展了传统渠道中专有资产投入对信任影响的适用范围,指出了双方锁定的渠道关系对信任的重要作用,为农产品渠道中契约稳定性的研究提供了新视角.研究还发现,政府支持对提高契约型农产品渠道关系稳定性具有重要作用,这对制定契约型农产品渠道的管理政策具有一定的启发意义.