Understanding the Adoption Process of National Security Technology: An Integration of Diffusion of Innovations and Volitional Behavior Theories

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. government initiated several national security technology adoption programs. The American public, however, has been skeptical about these initiatives and adoption of national security technologies has been mandated, rather than voluntary. We propose and test a voluntary behavioral intention formation model for the adoption of one type of new security technology: portable radiation detectors. Portable radiation detectors are an efficient way of detecting radiological and nuclear threats and could potentially prevent loss of life and damage to individuals’ health. However, their functioning requires that a critical mass of individuals use them on a daily basis. We combine the explanatory advantages of diffusion of innovation with the predictive power of two volitional behavior frameworks: the theory of reasoned action and the health belief model. A large sample survey (N = 1,482) investigated the influence of factors identified in previous diffusion of innovation research on portable radiation detector adoption intention. Results indicated that nonfinancial incentives, as opposed to financial incentives, should be emphasized in persuasive communications aimed at fostering adoption. The research provides a new integration of diffusion of innovation elements with determinants of volitional behavior from persuasion literature, and offers recommendations on effective communication about new security technologies to motivate public adoption and enhance national safety.     

沈阳经济区带动辽宁区域发展的建议

结合沈阳经济区的发展特点和优势,分析利弊,提出了充分利用沈阳经济区振兴东北老工业基地的扩散效应,促进沈阳经济区经济发展的建议,以期带动辽宁区域经济的发展。     

水喷射真空泵真空管路和尾管的安装改进

为了提高水喷射真空泵的真空度和抽气量,正确合理的使用水喷射真空泵,通过对水喷射真空泵工作原理的分析,结合实际安装使用中存在的问题,从真空管路连接管的尺寸和尾管的长度方面提出了水喷射真空泵安装中需注意的问题。     

编辑活动的文化增殖意义

编辑活动是编辑主体的文化实践,是文化传播的重要途径。编辑活动的文化选择、传承、延伸和普遍传播生成了文化增殖。良性的文化增殖是人类社会文化形成、演进的形态之一。自觉的文化的超越性和编辑主体的文化理想构成编辑活动中文化增殖生成的内在机理。编辑活动的文化增殖意义,体现了文化运行的本质和规律。     

Estimation for Discretely Observed Small Diffusions Based on Approximate Martingale Estimating Functions

Abstract.  We consider an asymptotically efficient estimator of the drift parameter for a multi-dimensional diffusion process with small dispersion parameter ɛ . In the situation where the sample path is observed at equidistant times k / n , k  = 0, 1, …,  n , we study asymptotic properties of an M -estimator derived from an approximate martingale estimating function as ɛ tends to 0 and n tends to ∞ simultaneously.     

Assessing the lead market potential of countries for innovation projects

This paper presents an approach to assessing the potential of countries to lead the global adoption of an innovation and to set a global product or process standard. It can be observed that the specific design of an innovation diffuses worldwide after it has been adopted in a single country. We suggest that there are nation-specific characteristics that increase the likelihood that a locally preferred innovation design will become successful in other countries, too. Once users in a market that has lead market characteristics have adopted a specific innovation design, the possibility increases that users in other countries subsequently adopt it as well. We present a lead market concept for the development of global innovation designs. By focusing on the design of the innovation that responds to the preferences within the lead market, a company can leverage the success experienced in the lead market for a global market launch. In order to follow a lead market strategy of new product development, it is necessary to assess the lead market potential of countries before an innovation is developed and tested in the market. We use an indicator-based methodology that approximates the lead market attributes of countries. The assessment methodology is applied to two innovation projects at the truck division of DaimlerChrysler.     

Shoot growth dynamics and size-dependent shoot fate of a clonal plant,Festuca rubra, in a mountain grassland

The relation of the within-season and between-season patterns of shoot growth were compared in a clonal grass with long-lived shoots,Festuca rubra, in a mown mountain grassland. The growth rate of shoot length from spring to summer in a year was almost constant for each shoot irrespective of spring shoot length each year. The annual shoot growth rate from spring to spring was negatively correlated with the shoot length in the first spring. Shoots of different length and age therefore tended to converge over time to a population of identical shoot size, suggesting an equalizing effect of growth pattern on size structure. Shoot size (shoot length and number of leaves) influenced the fates of shoots. Larger shoots showed an increased incidence of both flowering and formation of intravaginal daughter shoots and a decreased incidence of death in the subsequent time period. The fates of shoots were independent of their age. Although the negatively size-dependent springto-spring annual shoot growth rate acted to decrease shoot size variation, the remaining variation within the shoot population was still sufficient to generate different fates of shoots. These fates were not related to the previous life history of individual shoots. There was a significantly positive effect of the shoot size at initiation on its life expectancy. This was mainly attributable to the positively size-dependent survival rate of shoots in the early stage (<1 year old) of shoot life history. Later on (> 1 year old), shoot size had little effect on the survival rate of shoots. Once small young shoots have survived this early stage (< 1 year old) in life history, they can grow vigorously, little affected by competition regardless of shoot size, and converge to a stable size structure of shoots of similar size. Only shoot size in the early stage ( < 1 year old) of life history is important for the persistence of a shoot population.     

农业技术扩散分析——以杨凌农业示范区为例

农业技术扩散对解决“三农”问题、城乡二元结构、城乡统筹发展和农业可持续发展起到决定作用。农业技术扩散的理论主要有框架理论、沟通理论、农户行为改变理论和技术创新扩散理论。分析杨凌农业示范区技术扩散的基础上,认为自然条件决定农业技术扩散的内容和方式;历史基础和人文条件决定技术扩散的速度和效果;政治、市场机制对农业技术扩散起到加速或减缓作用;市场化和网络化是农业技术扩散的动力机制。     

增强辽宁中心城市的集聚力和扩散功能

振兴东北老工业基地,促进区域经济社会协调发展,是中央提出的又一重大举措。辽宁要构建区域经济三大板块,增强中心城市的集聚力和扩散功能。     

我国企业技术创新扩散机制研究

技术创新扩散是指技术创新通过一定的渠道在潜在使用者之阃传播、采用的过程。主要介绍了企业技术创新扩散的涵义、企业技术创新扩散的机制、企业技术创新扩散发生的条件，最后指出，在一种有效的技术创新扩散途径中，中介机构处于关键地位。