The prospective effects of work–family conflict and enrichment on job exhaustion and turnover intentions: comparing long-term temporary vs. permanent workers across three waves

This study investigated work–family conflict (WFC) and enrichment (WFE) in relation to job exhaustion and turnover intentions among long-term temporary (n = 384) and permanent (n = 430) workers. We used three-wave data collected among Finnish university employees in 3 consecutive years. The participants were either permanently or temporarily employed for the whole 3-year period. The results showed that permanent employees reported both higher WFC and WFE during the follow-ups than temporary employees. Temporary workers reported higher job exhaustion and turnover intentions compared to permanent workers. Job contract functioned as a moderator: high WFC showed a prospective effect on increased turnover intentions in permanent employees. In contrast, temporary employees benefited more from high WFE, which showed a prospective effect on reduced job exhaustion in temporary employees. The results suggest that measures taken to improve work–family balance could have different implications for long-term temporary and permanent workers.     

Examining the effects of negative affectivity on self- and supervisor ratings of job stressors: the role of stressor observability

In this study, we investigated job stressor ratings through Lazarus' transactional stress theory and the usefulness of supervisor ratings as an alternative to employee self-reports. Based on the finding that negative affectivity (NA) causes incumbents to over-report job stressors, we hypothesized that supervisors may also be affected by their NA when appraising an incumbent's job stressors. Building upon the literatures on judgement processes and social-cognitive information processing, we further hypothesized that stressor observability is an important boundary condition. Specifically, we hypothesized that the impact of NA on both self- and supervisor-reported job stressors should increase as stressor observability decreases. Moreover, we hypothesized that incumbent and supervisor ratings would converge less as stressor observability decreases. Data from 260 incumbent-supervisor dyads showed that stressor observability reduced the impact of supervisor NA on supervisor ratings (but not the impact of incumbent NA on incumbent stressor ratings). Further, as hypothesized, incumbent and supervisor ratings showed less convergence the less observable the stressor was. The results highlight the importance of personal and situational factors in the stressor appraisal process – an issue that advances both research and practice in the field of stressor ratings.     

Planning Your Way to Job Growth

This paper examines the impact of comprehensive community planning on job growth in a US setting. Comprehensive planning is carried out in many communities, usually at the city or county level. Analyzing county-level data from the state of Georgia collected using a survey of planning professionals, we find that several aspects of planning and the subsequent implementation of the plan can have large impacts on job growth. We find that zoning standards increase job growth, but that it makes little difference how strict those zoning standards are. The largest increases in job growth can be captured simply by consistently following the adopted plan. This is likely due to the signal sent by following the plan that the local government can be trusted to keep other promises made in the process of attracting new businesses. Finally, the most innovative comprehensive plans were associated with lower job growth, at least within our 5-year post-plan study period, perhaps because already struggling communities pass innovative plans in hopes of correcting their shortcomings. The lesson our research holds for planners is that following the plan is likely more important for its success related to economic development than the particular features in the plan.     

身份自觉:经验性宗教研究的田野工作反思

田野工作本身是人类学研究的重要部分。研究者一旦进入田野就已经开始了其经验性研究。在田野工作中,研究者的视角很容易被先入为主的偏见所影响。研究者必须防止自身对于世界和事件的意义性观点来取代被采访者的观点。     

Diaspora mobilisation for conflict and post-conflict reconstruction: contextual and comparative dimensions

ABSTRACT

This special issue seeks to move the scholarly conversation beyond notions of conflict-generated diasporas as simply agents of conflict or peace. The field is ripe to unpack the notion of context for diaspora mobilisation in International Relations, the focus and novelty of this special issue. Theorising in this volume goes beyond current prevalent thinking that contexts are host-states in which diasporas live, and original home-states to which they are transnationally connected. The emphasis here is that diasporas have linkages to different contexts, and that their embeddedness in these contexts – simultaneously or sequentially in time – either shapes their mobilizations or is shaped by them. The volume theorises about spatialities and temporalities of diaspora engagement: it emphasises spatial notions such as multi-sited embeddedness, positionality, and translocalism on the one side, and temporal notions such as critical junctures, transformative events, simultaneity, crises, and durability of conflicts on the other. This collection further adds new thematic areas to current scholarly inquiry, opening the discussion beyond interest in diaspora remittances, economic development, and extraterritorial voting. The authors take little-explored paths to examine diasporas as agents in transitional justice processes, contested sovereignty, and fragile and de facto states, as well as in civic and ethnic-based activism.     

国外议员职务权利保障制度的考察与借鉴

议员是现代社会代议民主政体的基础,各国宪法对议员职务权利都予以了充分保障,具体体现在言行免责制度、人身特别保护制度、组织保障制度、生活保障制度、工作条件保障制度以及其他保障制度。这些制度展示了各国宪法理念的共性与差别,而各项制度中的精华,作为全人类的智慧成果必将推进中国人大代表职务权利保障制度的完善,即立法保障人大代表独立言行的权利,扩大言行免责的范围,明确言行免责的例外;细化人身特别保护制度的排除情形及其程序规则;确定专职代表的比例;提高代表的生活保障水平,另设特别补贴制度;优化代表的工作条件;突出强调代表的信息保障。     

农民工工作满意度评价实证研究——以船舶制造企业中的农民工为例

提出了农民工工作满意度评价结构的五个维度:工作环境和工作条件、公司管理措施、工作回报、工作团队、工作激励。对船舶制造企业923位农民工进行工作满意度实证分析,讨论了性别、年龄等因素对农民工工作满意度的影响。     

高校青年教师压力、职业满意度与生活满意感的实证研究

采用结构方程模型,对江苏6所高校的309位青年教师的调查研究发现,生活压力对生活满意感、工作压力对职业现状满意度、发展压力对职业发展满意度的负向影响均显著。职业发展满意度对生活满意感正向影响显著,对发展压力与生活满意感关系的中介效应也显著。而职业现状满意度却不影响生活满意感,对工作压力与生活满意感关系的中介效应也不显著。因此,缓解发展压力,提升职业发展满意度至关重要。     

导游职业倦怠实证研究——以福州市为例

职业倦怠是个体在工作重压下产生的身心疲劳与耗竭的状态,已成为我国导游行业的普遍现象。以福州市导游作为研究对象,运用因子分析、单因素方差分析等方法分析导游职业倦怠的具体表现,并运用聚类分析概括导游职业倦怠的类型,据此提出预防与疏解导游职业倦怠的建议。     

平面性视角与嵌入性视角——促进东北经济发展与进行区域文化改造的两种思考逻辑

叙述在探讨如何振兴东北经济问题上,一些学者从文化的角度,阐述了应当对制约东北地区经济发展的部分东北文化加以改造的观点,从研究视角上看,这些研究中的绝大部分,都是在传统的文化与经济之关系的平面性视角中展开探讨.本文立足于经济学和经济社会学的最新理论进展,主张以"嵌入性"视角深化已有平面性视角之研究的不足,并立基于"嵌入性"视角,提出在振兴东北经济过程中进行区域文化改造应当把握的几条原则.