黄浦江上游死猪漂浮事件引发的对跨界环境灾害治理的思考

上海与江浙周边地区对跨界环境灾害突发事件的联防联控,不仅事关上海城市民生和社会稳定的大计,还涉及长三角区域环境生态的共同治理保护、区域一体化的制度建设、区域可持续发展等一系列经济、社会、环境生态重大问题的解决。上海应建立跨界环境灾害联防联控的相应组织机构与协调机制,提升针对跨界环境灾害的应对能力,牵头开展长三角环境灾害共同治理的重点专题研究,主动参与源头地区环境灾害的共同治理和共同防范。     

Pop Goes the Woozle: Being Misled by Research on Child Custody and Parenting Plans

Mental health professionals, lawyers, and judges whose work involves child custody decisions are often presented with social science research on issues related to which parenting plan is in the children’s best interests. Unfortunately, this research can be misrepresented in ways that mislead these professionals and the children’s parents, leading to child custody decisions that are not the most beneficial for the children. The process of misrepresenting the research in ways that create myths and misconceptions has been referred to as woozling. This article describes how social science data can be woozled, illustrating this with examples related to parenting plans for children under the age of 5 whose parents have separated.     

Shared Parenting After Divorce: A Review of Shared Residential Parenting Research

One of the most complex and compelling issues confronting policymakers, parents, and the family court system is what type of parenting plan is most beneficial for children after their parents' divorce. How much time should children live with each parent? An increasing number of children are living with each parent at least 35% of the time in shared residential parenting families: How are these children and their parents faring? In what ways, if any, do divorced parents who share the residential parenting differ from parents whose children live almost exclusively with their mother? How stable are shared residential parenting plans? By reviewing the existing studies on shared parenting families, these questions are addressed.     

Shared Physical Custody: Summary of 40 Studies on Outcomes for Children

One of the most complex and compelling issues confronting policymakers, parents, and professionals involved in making custody decisions is this: What type of parenting plan is most beneficial for the children after their parents separate? More specifically, are the outcomes any better or worse for children who live with each parent at least 35% of the time compared to children who live primarily with their mother and spend less than 35% of the time living with their father? This article addresses this question by summarizing the 40 studies that have compared children in these two types of families during the past 25 years. Overall the children in shared parenting families had better outcomes on measures of emotional, behavioral, and psychological well-being, as well as better physical health and better relationships with their fathers and their mothers, benefits that remained even when there were high levels of conflict between their parents.     

烈性犬伤人及其饲养人的责任追究

现阶段我国烈性犬伤人现象多发,但是对于此类现象目前只存在民事领域和行政领域的相关规制和惩罚。这种法律规制网络的结构性缺失,使得大部分致人伤亡的烈性犬饲养人只需承担民事侵权责任和行政处罚。构建针对此类行为的刑事规制和制裁,可以对饲养人产生震慑,抑制违法饲养行为,也可以完善我国针对烈性犬伤人现象的法律规制网络和惩罚体系。要根据烈性犬伤人现象的不同表达,分别依据过失致人重伤罪、过失致人死亡罪,以及以危险方法危害公共安全罪对饲养者进行定罪量刑。     

Punitive Damages in China: Evolution and Application

Abstract

The revised Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Consumers (Consumer Protection Law), which sums up nearly twenty years of the evolution of Chinese punitive damages regulations, sets out a model system of punitive damages. These are in essence a special kind of penalty under a dual public-private legal system in which the punitive and deterrent functions of public law are realized through the mechanism of private law. Their application should be guided by the public law principle that the penalty should be proportionate to the offence. The question of whether the penalty is appropriate arises in the application of the two forms of punitive damages prescribed in the Consumer Protection Law—whether used separately or together, or in conjunction with or independently of fines or financial awards. The application of the new punitive damages regulations may overlap with the application of China’s Food Safety Law and Tort Liability Law.     

日本环境侵权损害赔偿制度的创新及其启示

与一般侵权行为相异,环境侵权行为的间接性、潜伏性、持续性以及伴随性等特性,使审判机关确定环境侵权行为人损害赔偿民事责任极为困难。因此,为适应环境侵权损害的新特点,对传统损害赔偿理论予以创新,已成为救济受害人、强化加害人民事责任的需要。我国应借鉴日本环境侵权损害赔偿制度关于“包括请求”、“一律请求”等 成功经验,以完善我国环境侵权损害赔偿制度。     

法人侵权行为基本理论探讨

随着社会经济的发展,法人侵权现象也越来越普遍.从法人本质分析,若将"法人拟制说"中的拟制技巧与"法人实在说"实在意志结合起来,就可以把作为法人机关的自然人和作为法人雇员执行职务的意志视为法人的意志.从而得出法人有侵权行为能力的结论;从实用主义和立法技巧路径出发,根据侵权制度设计好坏判断标准分析,法人也是应当有侵权行为能力的.在此前提下,本文又分别从法人本质路径和实用主义路径入手,详细探讨了法人侵权行为的构成要件,并且在对各国民法关于法人侵权的立法进行比较分析后认为,我未来民法典应该吸收<民法通则>的成功经验,对法人机关及其受托人或受雇人执行职务过程中的侵权行为的责任分配予以一体把握,采法人侵权责任"一体式"的立法模式.     

基于混合差分进化算法的联合补货-配送优化模型

本文综合考虑联合补货与配送决策,研究了随机需求、允许缺货环境下多企业多产品联合补货与配送集成优化模型,设计了混合差分进化算法(Hybrid Differential Evolution, HDE)对该模型进行求解,同时通过算例与遗传算法、标准的DE算法进行了比较,证实HDE算法高效且稳定;另外,设计了一个先补货再配送的两阶段优化模型,对比优化结果发现采用供应链协同时补货成本较高,配送成本较低,且总成本较低。最后,对相关参数进行了敏感性分析,发现需求率和库存维持成本的变动对总成本的影响远远大过次要订货成本对总成本的影响。     

商业银行绿色信贷的实现路径及其法律掣肘

绿色信贷体系的建构与发展有三种可能的实现路径,分别是自愿实现机制（以“赤道原则”为典型代表）、民事侵权责任机制（以美国的《超级基金法》为典型代表）以及行政权力推动机制（以我国现阶段的绿色信贷政策体系为典型代表）。将以“软法”为核心特征的自愿实施机制引入中国的金融体系,尚不具备成熟的内外部条件;通过强制性的立法来确立商业银行的环境侵权责任制度,则会面临无法与既有的侵权责任法律制度和商业银行监管法律制度相契合的难题,同时还会带来诸多消极结果;行政权力推动模式在我国的普遍运用源于现阶段我国金融市场法治约束的不足,但其长效性和稳定性无法保证。考虑到我国商业银行体系在当下的特殊境遇,破除绿色信贷发展法律掣肘的关键在于有效促进商业银行治理机制和风险管理能力的提升,而非增加商业银行承担环境义务与责任的法律条款。