先例判决带给我们的思考

郑州市中原区人民法院的先例判决制度实施后在社会各界引起了广泛的争论。该制度虽然有一定的缺陷,但该制度的实际意义并不仅仅在于对司法实践的指导,更在于利于加快建立中国案例指导制度的进程,对促进我国的法制建设起到了积极的作用。     

《圣经》中的法律思想

《圣经》视法律为智慧和正义,并崇尚法治。它重视审判,视审判为神圣,坚持证据（包括誓言）、公正、严禁假见证、个人责任等审判原则,并反对自己审判自己的案件。《圣经》中的立约现象,体现了诚实、正义、有约必践、权力约定等法律观念。《圣经·新约》则表露了它在法律方面的自然法思想特征。     

Delay and Anxiety in Care Proceedings: Grounds for Hope?

This paper draws on an evaluation of a pilot project in three London boroughs (the ‘Tri-borough’ authorities) which had the aim of reducing the length of care proceedings to 26 weeks, in advance of nationwide moves in the same direction. Rather than looking at this as yet another battleground between professional autonomy and bureaucratic rigidity, the authors focus on the psychological aspects both of court delay itself and of setting time limits, considering the impact of each on the children, parents and professionals involved. The challenge is to balance the pressures of time and the need for thoroughness, being mindful of the uncertainty and anxiety that pervade care proceedings. The pilot succeeded in greatly reducing the average length of care proceedings. Professionals involved in the project, including those whose job was to represent the interests of parents and children, seemed satisfied that this had not been achieved at the expense of thoroughness, and indeed that shorter proceedings might help to reduce the overall level of distress and anxiety that children and parents endure. On the other hand, the new approach adds to the pressures on the professionals themselves. If the changes are to be sustained, the anxiety involved in making these life-changing decisions about children must be recognised, and adequate support offered to those who have to make them.     

Child protection decision-making: social workers’ perceptions

ABSTRACT

Decision-making is located at the heart of social work as a core professional activity, because much of what social workers do concerns decisions about future courses of action. Drawing on elements of the learning together systems model and Falkov’s Systemic Family Model, this study investigated social workers’ perceptions regarding how child protection decisions are made. Evidence was drawn from a constructivist–-interpretivist qualitative research design, involving 16 semi-structured interviews with qualified and experienced social workers and 20 direct, non-participant observations of child protection meetings. Evidence from the study suggests that professionals and family members do not rely entirely on the guidance on the threshold criterion of the likelihood and significance of risk of harm when making decisions. Instead, they use discretionary intuition and analytical judgement, involving multidimensional criteria which includes consensus between professionals and with family members; individual professional’s state of mind; other agencies and professionals’ priorities as well as external factors such as the availability of resources. Conclusion can be drawn that existing guidance on decision-making is inadequate, hence the discretionary use of a combination of intuitive heuristics and analytical thinking in a complementary manner. This study, therefore, contributes to considerable conceptual clarity regarding the complex child protection decision-making process.     

语句、判断和命题辨析

语句、判断和命题是三个不同的概念,在学习逻辑学的过程中应该严格区别,并且应该用命题代替判断作为形式逻辑的研究对象之一,以避免采用判断称谓形成的内容体系上的前后自相矛盾.     

还乡文学:20世纪中国乡土文学的自然文化追求

还乡文学是 2 0世纪乡土文学的一种形态 ,其中心话语是自然文化 ,即归依自然。它是一种心理原型。在还乡文学中 ,乡土人生及其风俗人情是自然文化的价值隐喻 ,具体表现为三种价值形态 :一、精神家园 ,是现代人疲惫、孤独的灵魂的安息之地 ;二、精神动力 ,激发人生不断求索、奋进 ;三、批判的尺度 ,是进行社会批判、文化批判、文明批判的终极价值 ,特别是在文明批判方面 ,更显出独特的价值     

价值判断是法律推理的灵魂

文章认为形式法律推理中,只有进行价值判断,才能打开前提与结论间的逻辑通道,避免出现“中词不同一”或不合“实质正义”的错误。在法律推理中,价值判断具有发现、比较、选择、归类、定性、量裁、导向等功能,这些功能对于法律推理来说是不可缺少的。没有价值判断就没有法律推理,有什么样的价值判断,就有什么样的法律推理。因而价值判断是法律推理的灵魂。      

民事裁判文书改革与法官释法初步研究

民事裁判文书是法官释法的主要载体,通过调研审判实践中民事裁判文书存在的问题,着重探讨了法官释法的方法与规则,提出实现法官创造性释法与人民法院审判公正有机平衡需遵守的九个规则,构想了民事裁判文书制作改革的四条措施。     

论特别权力关系的概念、特征及类型

特别权力关系作为与普通权力关系相对的一个法学概念 ,专指基于特别之法律上原因 (法律规定或本人同意等 ) ,为达成公法上之特定目的于必要之范围内 ,一方取得支配他方之权能 ,他方负有服从义务所形成的关系。其在主体地位、内容、纠纷解决等方面都有较为明显的特征 ,从性质和内容上又可划分为四种类型。