从制度变迁理论看我国司法改革路径的选择

中国的司法改革表面上如火如荼地进行着,实际上却收效甚微。究其原因是由于缺乏必要的司法改革路径选择。从制度变迁理论以及我国的司法改革实践来看,我国的司法改革必须走整体推进以及必要的局部试点之路。     

别居法律制度研究

别居制度是国外亲属法或家庭法中的重要内容,它主要是指解除夫妻间的同居,但仍保持其婚姻关系的法律制度。我国婚姻法中无此规定,但现实生活中已出现大量事实上的别居现象,需要法律予以规制。结合有关国外的立法及本国的国情,阐述了别居的内涵、种类及对于我国设立别居制度的意义、别居制度的具体内容等问题,旨在抛砖引玉,为共同完善我国婚姻家庭法奠定理论基础。     

国际法观念与近代中国法律改制

清朝统治者被迫接受不平等条约的史实使国人尝到了对己“不平等”的苦头,于是,传统的以“刑”为轴线的法体制、法观念开始向近代转型。由此现之,虽然清末立法改制的原因是多方面的,但为争取废除不平等条约而有意识地向西法靠近,并与西方的国际法接轨,无疑是中国近代法制转型的一个主要因素。     

国际海事惯例及其司法识别问题研究

国际航运业的发展源远流长,中国自改革开放以来逐步构建起了中国特色社会主义海商法律体系。作为法律体系补充的国际海事惯例日益受到重视,将国际海事惯例运用到国内司法活动的前置问题就是司法识别。司法识别包括程序方面的构造和实体方面的标准两大方面,程序构造和实体标准相辅相成、相得益彰,共同构成了国际海事惯例司法识别问题的完整体系。从宏观角度对国际海事惯例的司法识别问题进行制度化完善,将有利于其科学规范的适用,为航运业的健康和可持续发展提供强有力保障。     

The marginalisation of children by the legal process

A major study carried out in the Melbourne Children's Court, Victoria, Australia, during 1993–1995, of the factors that influence magistrates' decision-making in child abuse cases, found that magistrates relied more on their legal training and individual discretion than on information from the child protection service when making these decisions. Magistrates' emphasis on adversarial procedures meant that the need to establish the facts in a case was the court's primary consideration and that children's interests, and welfare concerns about them, were marginalised in the hearing of child abuse matters. The article reports on this aspect of the larger study: how the adversarial process ill serves the rights, and best interests, of children in the hearing of child abuse matters and provides case examples to illustrate this. The information is drawn from the qualitative and quantitative data gathered for the major study; data collected from the observation of court hearings, interviews with magistrates and court record analysis.     

The American Way

Media consolidation and convergence have increasingly changed the way individuals as both consumers and citizens access, process, and communicate information at the local, national, and global levels. Media industries and institutions influence public perception and occupy our time at work and at home more and more. Media literacy has become recognized as a twenty-first-century skill necessary for civic competence and the development of informed, responsible citizens. Although it has long been established in the curricula of other nations, it is relatively new in the United States. Media literacy is not simply teaching with media—rather, it entails teaching about media. Key frameworks such as the Text, Audience, and Production (TAP) model, which is explained in this article, can be used to help students systematically analyze and evaluate the wide range of media texts they are exposed to on a daily basis. The author discusses how media literacy is also compatible with several of the major strands identified by the National Council for the Social Studies and can be facilitated by the growing range of resources available to teachers.     

试论韩日司法能动性及其对我国的启示

同样的司法制度因实施者的态度不同,分为司法能动主义与司法克制主义。同处东亚的韩国走向了司法能动主义,而日本却走向了司法克制主义。比较研究韩日两国的司法态度,可以看出我国应从司法克制主义走向司法能动主义。     

禁区还是误区——抽象行政行为司法审查的现状及出路

中国内地的行政诉讼制度建立迄今，围绕抽象行政行为的司法审查问题，讨论从未平息。抽象行政行为作为司法审查的“禁区”，也一直为官方或通说所肯定。抽象行政行为之所以成了人民法院司法审查的禁区，那是由于人们的误解；人民法院完全可以在不违背现行法规定的前提下实施对抽象行政行为的司法审查；未来的制度设计完全可以突破抽象行政行为的司法审查禁区。     

试析中国法律解释体制下的司法解释制度

作为中国法律解释体制下的一种重要制度,尽管司法解释得到逐渐改革和完善,但仍然存在一些弊端,需要加强立法,理顺司法解释与立法解释的关系.司法改革的方向不应以判例法取代司法解释,而是要建立司法解释与判例解释相结合的解释体系.     

Post-employment covenants in the United States: Legal framework and market behaviours

In response to fundamental market changes that are giving labour a much more central role in product market competition, employers often seek to extend their control over human capital beyond termination of the employment relationship. Although empirical studies are scarce, the use of restrictive post‐employment covenants is indeed believed to be widespread. But to what extent can employers lawfully restrict the freedom of their former employees? The author examines the criteria that courts in the United States have considered in balancing employers' legitimate economic interests against labour market efficiency and workers' post‐employment freedom and mobility.