大数据时代项目评审中社会伦理问题的对抗性设计

通过对抗性设计方法解决项目评审中的社会伦理问题，为专家、申请者、大众提供争论和表达异议的民主环境。项目自动评价平台完成民主环境的构建，呈现专家、申请者、平台的争胜性关系，揭示霸权，旨在重塑自由、平等、公平、正义、特权等的项目评审中的社会伦理。     

项目制下各利益主体博弈及其解释———以水库移民后期扶持项目为分析对象

从制度设计来说，水库移民后期扶持项目有着紧密的组织体制与管理体制，但水库移民后期扶持项目制在实际操作过程中偏离了政策目标，导致移民后期扶持项目资金使用绩效低，甚至出现“跑渗漏”的情况。从委托方—承包方—代理方互动的博弈过程分析水库移民后期扶持项目制，研究发现：委托方（中央政府及省级政府）与承包方（地市级政府及县级政府）之间的博弈、承包方内部各政府部门之间的博弈、承包方（移民管理机构）与代理方（乡镇政府、项目申报人）之间的博弈、代理人（项目申报人）与移民（村民）间的博弈导致水库移民后期扶持项目制度设计与制度执行之间存在差距，使得水库移民后期扶持项目资金使用绩效较差。     

农村项目落地后各主体利益失衡及成因——以M县L移民村农业生产项目为例

当前项目制已经成为国家治理的一种重要手段,大量的项目资金能够在多个层面提升农村经济社会以及文化的发展。在“项目治国”的背景下,移民村生产项目扶持逐渐成为移民后期扶持的重要举措。实地调查发现,M县L移民村农业生产项目落地后,实现了名义上的合理性,但村干部借助项目扶持名义,将项目扶持的相关加工设备私有化,成为项目的最大受益者;移民只享有项目最基本的资源扶持,贫困移民群体更是被弱化甚至被忽视。究其原因：一是村干部通过权力运作与资源约束,他们既是项目的“争取者”,又是项目利益的最终“分配者”;二是移民在收入增加的情况下选择集体沉默和漠视村中事务,为村干部持续专享项目利益提供现实条件。因此,需要从完善制度设计和建立村内外监督机制、调动村民参与项目的积极性和发挥贫困群体的主观能动性两个方面予以破解优化。     

大学生创新性实验计划对化工和材料类本科毕业论文质量影响探讨

本科毕业论文是高校人才培养的重要环节,其完成的质量直接影响高校人才培养成效。以查阅资料和调查统计的方式,对实施大学生创新性实验计划对本科毕业论文质量影响进行了系统分析。得出：（1）通过实施创新性实验计划,大学生本科毕业论文选题与工程和生产实际更加紧密,与专业核心技能更加贴近;（2）充分保障了毕业论文实施时间,提高了学生独立分析与解决实际问题的能力;（3）大大提高了教师积极性,为确保本科毕业论文质量提供了强有力的支撑;（4）通过训练,本科毕业论文平均成绩提高了7.3分,总体水平从中等提升到良好,大幅提高了本科人才培养质量。     

Rejects reduction in a retail bank using Lean Six Sigma

Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is a majestic process improvement methodology that has been proved to be a powerful management strategy across services. The influential synergy of Six Sigma and Lean aims at improving the processes, focusing on both rapid and robust improvements, reducing waste and variation in the process. LSS generates successful results in key performance indicators (KPIs) based environments, where process data gets measured and leveraged for making essential management decisions. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of LSS in banking industry through a real-time process improvement study. The article establishes the literature for the need for LSS in banks detailing on customer facing metrics and process KPIs. An action-research study conducted in a retail bank is presented in LSS DMAIC methodology which reaped a benefit of INR 1.6 million and is a classic example of how LSS can bring bottom-line impact to an organisation, alongside contributing to the process improvement mind-set in employees.     

Economic Evaluation of Scale Dependent Technology Investments

We study the effect of financial risk on the economic evaluation of a project with capacity decisions. Capacity decisions have an important effect on the project̂s value through the up‐front investment, the associated operating cost, and constraints on output. However, increased scale also affects the financial risk of the project through its effect on the operating leverage of the investment. Although it has long been recognized in the finance literature that operating leverage affects project risk, this result has not been incorporated in the operations management literature when evaluating projects. We study the decision problem of a firm that must choose project scale. Future cash flow uncertainty is introduced by uncertain future market prices. The firm's capacity decision affects the firm's potential sales, its expected price for output, and its costs. We study the firm's profit maximizing scale decision using the CAPM model for risk adjustment. Our results include that project risk, as measured by the required rate of return, is related to the inverse of the expected profit per unit sold. We also show that project risk is related to the scale choice. In contrast, in traditional discounted cash flow analysis (DCF), a fixed prescribed rate is used to evaluate the project and choose its scale. When a fixed rate is used with DCF, a manager will ignore the effect of scale on risk and choose suboptimal capacity that reduces project value. S/he will also misestimate project value. Use of DCF for choosing scale is studied for two special cases. It is shown that if the manager is directed to use a prescribed discount rate that induces the optimal scale decision, then the manager will greatly undervalue the project. In contrast, if the discount rate is set to the risk of the optimally‐scaled project, the manager will undersize the project by a small amount, and slightly undervalue the project with the economic impact of the error being small. These results underline the importance of understanding the source of financial risk in projects where risk is endogenous to the project design.     

国际工程承包市场竞争的博弈模型

本文对国际工程承包的市场竞争进行了实证分析并指出其基本特征,在此基础之上建立了国际工程承包的市场竞争模型。并给出了该模型的一个均衡解,最后对均衡解进行了解释并指出该模型带来的深刻影响。     

开放式创新环境下公共财政资助科技项目的知识产权管理：“全周期、多主体”模式

开放式创新环境下,公共财政资助科技项目的知识产权管理涉及的参与主体更多、技术领域更广,文章提出了“全周期、多主体”的知识产权管理模式,“全周期”是指通过强调对科技项目知识产权从创造到应用、保护的价值链全程管理,提高知识产权管理的体系化;“多主体”是指对所有科技项目参与主体,考虑其利益驱动机制,建立知识产权管理模式,调动参与主体的积极性。“全周期、多主体”的知识产权管理模式能够实现科技项目知识产权管理体系的“立体化”。     

医疗卫生需求与公共卫生支出

公共卫生支出,关系到一个国家居民医疗需求的满足和整体健康水平的提高。中国以往的公共卫生支出明显的表现出总量不足和结构失衡,而解决这个问题的关键是按照公共财政的原则安排公共卫生支出的规模和调整支出结构。对于纯粹的公共卫生项目,政府必须承担起应有的责任。对于为私人服务的治疗项目,从实现医疗权利公平的角度,政府也应对一些特殊群体提供必要的帮助。     

目睹中国学术之怪象举隅

中国学术的生产、传播和评价等环节有许多令人不解的怪象,这其中比较典型的现象涉及到学术之崇洋媚外、学术之霸权化和学术之课题化。这些怪象背后有其特殊的表现形态、内外原因和影响。清醒冷静地认识这些怪象的本质,可以理解和反思中国学术的现状,从怪象中吸取经验和教训,挖掘出改善学术环境,提高学术质量的理念和举措。