STIRring the grid: engaging energy systems design and planning in the context of urban sociotechnical imaginaries

Since the first electrification systems were established in the United States between 1910 and 1930, energy systems governance at the municipal level has included competing visions for how engineering design and energy policy-making should foster particular social outcomes. Using Phoenix as a representative metropolitan area, and the cases of distributed generation and in-home power management devices as examples, this paper explores how the norms and values embedded in energy systems design and planning shape how residents experience change in the energy grid. Through these case studies, the authors argue that such “sociotechnical imaginaries” – collectively formed visions of social life related to science and technology development – are a crucial, yet overlooked, pathway for social science to engage in fostering socially reflexive mechanisms in energy development. To conclude, the authors outline a research program for applying the established methodology of socio-technical integration research (STIR) in order to develop socially reflexive capacities in municipal energy producing, regulating, and planning institutions. Such a program has the ability to produce a deeper intellectual understanding of how energy development occurs, and in doing so generate new pathways for fostering cultural and material changes in the structure of contemporary energy systems.     

太阳能利用技术与工程专业方向课程体系建设探索

基于社会对太阳能利用技术人才的巨大需求和连云港在太阳能利用方面的技术优势，分析了太阳能利用学科及人才的定位，阐述了太阳能利用学科人才培养的目标和原则，并详细论述了太阳能利用学科课程体系的特点和构成。     

Neoliberal resource governance and counter-hegemonic social movement in Bangladesh

Bangladesh’s energy sector institutionalized neoliberal policies in the early 1990s after a decade long implementation of structural adjustment policies suggested by the World Bank. These policies strengthened the role of foreign private capital and reduced the role of public enterprises. In spite of the country’s success in exploring and developing petroleum resources, the World Bank pushed for policy reforms to reduce the role of state-owned companies. Bangladesh signed several production sharing contracts with multinational energy corporations during 1993–1998. This resulted in the development of a counter-hegemonic social movement, the National Committee. Its activists made the energy sector the most contested national policy domain. Its direct action programs and other mobilization tactics transformed Bangladesh’s public sphere vis-à-vis energy politics. The National Committee caused the government to reverse its decision in some cases, but is far from achieving its main goal: increasing the capability of national institutions to maintain full ownership in natural resource management. Notwithstanding this limitation, the National Committee is a fascinating case of a counter-movement in the Global South contesting neoliberal resource appropriation.     

粘滞阻尼器对高层框架剪力墙结构的减震作用分析

粘滞阻尼器可有效减少建筑结构在地震作用下的动力响应.高层框架剪力墙结构以其特有的使用空间灵活的优点被广泛采用.文章运用大型有限元分析软件SAP2000，通过动力时程分析方法，对比分析设有粘滞阻尼器和未设有粘滞阻尼器的两种高层框架剪力墙结构的减震控制结果，分别计算其层间位移角、速度、位移和顶层加速度.笔者认为，粘滞阻尼器的设置对高层建筑物可以起到耗能减震作用.     

低碳背景下促进我国页岩气产业化的对策研究

随着能源安全和二氧化碳减排指标的日益控制，加大天然气资源开发力度、大规模清洁能源替代将是推动中国节能减排、低碳发展的最现实途径之一。以页岩气、煤层气为主的非常规天然气凭借其资源量大和碳排放量低的优势，必将伴随着低碳发展的大潮迎来新一轮开发利用高潮。从分析页岩气资源储存特点入手，归纳总结了美国促进页岩气产业发展的政策措施和技术发展模式，并对制约中国页岩气产业快速发展面临的配套政策、勘探开发理论、关键技术等3 方面的主要问题进行了深入分析。在此基础上，提出了推动中国页岩气产业快速发展应建立配套政策和加快技术创新的对策及建议。     

我国山地旅游地景区饭店能耗的影响因素

随着旅游业的兴起，旅游与能源的关系越来越紧张，威胁着旅游的可持续发展。从能源的角度进行分析，认为饭店规模、饭店海拔高度、各种能源成本、能源多样性、能源政策、山地主要旅游活动是影响山地旅游地景区饭店能耗的主要因素，并提出通过建立饭店能源管理体系、调整能源使用结构、提高木材等能源的利用效率、加强政府的宏观调控与能源引导消费、分散山地旅游季节分布、培养专业节能管理人才等措施，推进山地旅游地景区饭店的可持续发展。     

An Expert Elicitation of the Proliferation Resistance of Using Small Modular Reactors (SMR) for the Expansion of Civilian Nuclear Systems

To facilitate the use of nuclear energy globally, small modular reactors (SMRs) may represent a viable alternative or complement to large reactor designs. One potential benefit is that SMRs could allow for more proliferation resistant designs, manufacturing arrangements, and fuel‐cycle practices at widespread deployment. However, there is limited work evaluating the proliferation resistance of SMRs, and existing proliferation assessment approaches are not well suited for these novel arrangements. Here, we conduct an expert elicitation of the relative proliferation resistance of scenarios for future nuclear energy deployment driven by Generation III+ light‐water reactors, fast reactors, or SMRs. Specifically, we construct the scenarios to investigate relevant technical and institutional features that are postulated to enhance the proliferation resistance of SMRs. The experts do not consistently judge the scenario with SMRs to have greater overall proliferation resistance than scenarios that rely on conventional nuclear energy generation options. Further, the experts disagreed on whether incorporating a long‐lifetime sealed core into an SMR design would strengthen or weaken proliferation resistance. However, regardless of the type of reactor, the experts judged that proliferation resistance would be enhanced by improving international safeguards and operating several multinational fuel‐cycle facilities rather than supporting many more national facilities.     

On Estimation of Hurst Parameter Under Noisy Observations

It is widely accepted that some financial data exhibit long memory or long dependence, and that the observed data usually possess noise. In the continuous time situation, the factional Brownian motion B^H and its extension are an important class of models to characterize the long memory or short memory of data, and Hurst parameter H is an index to describe the degree of dependence. In this article, we estimate the Hurst parameter of a discretely sampled fractional integral process corrupted by noise. We use the preaverage method to diminish the impact of noise, employ the filter method to exclude the strong dependence, and obtain the smoothed data, and estimate the Hurst parameter by the smoothed data. The asymptotic properties such as consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are established. Simulations for evaluating the performance of the estimator are conducted. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

中国储能产业中动力电池梯次利用的商业价值

动力电池作为储能最佳的载体之一，是否具备商业价值成为影响储能产业发展的重要因素?在对国内外储能产业发展现状分析的基础上，应用系统动力学理论从发电侧、电网侧和用户侧以及辅助服务等方面对影响商业价值的成本和收益要素进行深入分析。进一步引入碳排放政策下的环境收入等指标，系统梳理各成本/收入指标间的相互关系，构建梯次利用动力电池储能的系统动力学模型。利用VENSIM软件对中国首个"金太阳项目"——"张北风光储输示范项目"的动力电池梯次利用储能的商业价值模型进行仿真模拟。研究表明:梯次利用动力电池储能具有一定的经济性，其商业价值的提高可以从电池成本、政府补贴以及峰谷价差等多角度来思考。未来随着电池成本下降、额定容量增加、峰谷电价差、国家补贴等因素的变化，中国储能产业中动力电池梯次利用的商业价值将会更加显著。     

基于弹性定额理论的建筑能耗定额方法研究

论述了能耗定额的概念及意义,通过对能耗定额方法的研究,可以促进建筑的合理用能,能进一步推动我国节能减排事业的发展。分析了国内目前的几种能耗定额方法,提出了基于弹性定额理论的能耗定额方法,该方法能够鼓励能耗的降低,抑制能耗的增加;弹性能耗定额理论简单明了,易于国家调控政策的实施。