我国开发太阳能资源综述

在大量调研工作基础上,本文从时间历程、空间现状及社会、经济情况几方面分析了我国太阳能资源的开发历程；并从太阳能与其他能源的比较中探讨了太阳能资源的发展前景．     

发展方式绿色转型策略的思考

发展方式绿色转型是贯彻新发展理念的战略要求和实现高质量发展的应有之义,是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的重大任务。促进发展方式绿色转型,要采取如下四个策略：一是按照“保障需求、抑制欲望”的策略,确定生产什么和生产多少,消除生产和消费中的冗余,在此基础上培育集商品、公共品和善品于一体的供给体系;二是按照“敬畏自然、亲近自然”的策略,构建仿自然的集循环、共生和竞争三个机制于一体的社会;三是按照“做强增量、做优存量”的策略,先把新能源做大做强,再把化石能源利用做优;四是按照“全域推进、全民参与”的策略,完善全域发展和全民参与的制度,形成全域、全民推进生态系统和生物多样性保护的格局。     

The Kalman Filter from the Perspective of Goldberger—Theil Estimators

This article is designed to point out the close connection between recursive estimation procedures, such as Kalman filter theory, familiar to control engineers, and linear least squares estimators and estimators that include prior information in the form of linear restrictions, such as mixed estimators and ridge estimators, familiar to statisticians. The only difference between the two points of view seems to be a difference in terminology. To demonstrate this point, it is shown how the Kalman filter equations can be derived from an existing textbook account of linear least squares theory and the notion of combining prior information in linear models, that is, the Goldberger—Theil mixed estimators' point of view. The author advocates the inclusion of these ideas early when least squares estimation concepts are being taught.     

A Note on the Hyperbolic-Secant Distribution

This note discusses briefly some basic properties of the hyperbolic-secant distribution (e.g., Johnson and Kotz 1970; Manoukian 1986; Perks 1932; Talacko 1956), which has not received sufficient attention in the published literature, and may be useful for students and practitioners.     

A general result in almost sure central limit theory for random fields

In this note, we investigate, under some mild conditions, the almost sure central limit theorem for random fields with general weight sequences.     

Sufficiency,generalized likelihood function and exponential family

The problem of characterizing an exponential family by sufficiency of certain statistics is considered. In distinction to most of the papers on this subject we do not want to characterize an exponential family of order less than or equal to k by the existence of a-dimensional sufficient statis tics in.GepenoenX' oi inc sample size. Since such a characterization is only valid under regularity assumptions, which is shown in the paper, we consider a stronger property of an exponential family which turns out to be a characteristic one. At this the concept of generalized likelihood functions will play an important role.     

Definable and Contractible Contracts

This paper analyzes Bayesian normal form games in which players write contracts that condition their actions on the contracts of other players. These contracts are required to be representable in a formal language. This is accomplished by constructing contracts which are definable functions of the Godel code of every other player's contract. We provide a complete characterization of the set of allocations supportable as pure‐strategy Bayesian equilibria of this contracting game. When information is complete, this characterization provides a folk theorem. In general, the set of supportable allocations is smaller than the set supportable by a centralized mechanism designer.     

能源统计的国际准则——IRES及其启示

通过对IRES制定背景、目的、原则、目标受众及内容进行梳理,探讨其编制思路和主要特点。研究表明:IRES按照“基础概念—核心内容—实施保障”思路进行编制,对能源相关概念范畴进行了明确,弥补了现有能源统计准则存在的不足;从能源供给、转换和使用3方面阐述了矩阵式能源平衡表的编制,增加了现有能源统计准则未涉及的领域——数据质量和案例应用;IRES介绍能源数据质量评估的重要性和构建维度,以期通过实践案例对各国能源统计提供指导。IRES的体系完整、方法具体且具有国际可比性,提供的案例灵活实用,中国应尽快革新能源统计指标体系,按照其倡导要求,提高统计方法的科学性和系统性,逐步实现能源统计口径的国际接轨。     

电力需求响应的研究进展及文献述评

电力需求响应是现代电力市场条件下,缓解电力供需矛盾、降低高峰负荷、促进节能减排的重要工具。通过回顾已有文献,认为:一方面,目前发达国家关于电力需求响应的理论和实践研究已经深入开展,而中国基本上没有开展具有一定政策意义的分析研究,亟需加快推进中国电力市场进程,以创造必要的市场环境和制度条件;另一方面,也需要加快开展适当规模、多种类型的需求响应实验试点,在项目设计、策略选择、技术条件、评估工具和方法等方面积累经验。在理论和实践中,从评估需求响应项目收益和分析其影响因素的角度,应按针对用户采取的激励方式,将需求响应分为激励型、价格型、信息反馈型三类;在收益分析中,应将减轻市场力理解为取得需求响应收益的一个重要途径;在政策制定中,应当充分考虑用户的便利度与舒适度,注意负荷控制的反弹效应和信息反馈的衰减效应可能产生的影响,并重视需求响应对于降低线损、促进减排等方面的效果。