An equilibrium analysis of the gender wage gap

Within a two‐sector general equilibrium model, women's productivity in the marketplace decreases with the amount of household work they perform at home. Assuming that men's and women's household labour inputs are complementary here we prove the existence of multiple equilibria. In some, men and women allocate their labour equally and earn identical wages. In others, they allocate labour differently and earn different wages. In this context, beliefs about the inferiority of women's productivity are shown to be self‐fulfilling. By use of numerical examples, we show that welfare is highest when spouses allocate labour equally and suggest policy recommendations.     

农民工城市生活的真实书写

《高兴》是贾平凹取材于当下现实的一部长篇小说。作者在对五富、黄八等打工者群体命运的书写基础上，通过刘高兴这一另类农民工形象，探讨思考了农民工融入城市的可能性和途径，从而使作品不仅呈现出与以往大量渲染苦难的底层写作不同的风貌，同时也成为记录农民工城市生活的鲜活文本。     

日本雇佣制度的变迁——兼职员工的现状分析

上世纪九十年代后,随着日本泡沫经济的破灭,一度被日本人引以自豪的终身雇佣制开始渐渐失去光芒。根据2005年日本厚生劳动省统计,日本兼职员工已经接近员工总数1/4,今后还有继续增加的趋势。本文仅从日本企业的兼职员工不断增加的现状入手,着重分析产生这种现象的原因。希望通过对日本兼职员工现状的分析并找出其变化的原因,为中国政府和企业制定政策提供一定的指导。     

以资产为本的流动人口社会保护政策研究

改革开放以来,随着城镇化的快速发展和政府执政理念的转变以及我国人口形势的变化,我国流动人口政策发生了明显的转变,尤其是流动人口社会保护政策经历了从无到有再到逐步完善的演变,基本形成以社会保险为基础、住房保障为支撑、其他福利为补充的流动人口社会保护政策体系。但目前在以收入为本理念下实施的相关社会保护政策还存在诸多困境与难点,而以资产为本的理念为解决流动人口社会保护问题提供了一剂良药。以资产为本的理念注重个人资产的建设和积累,注重制度和政策的顶层设计以及完善的政策配套体系,并综合教育、就业或创业和健康医疗等多部门政策;应以建立个人或家庭综合账户为基石、以实现个人账户的自由流动为突破口、以提高个人账户管理能力为关键、以加强个人资产建设为重点、以完善配套政策为保证构建我国以资产为本的流动人口社会保护政策体系。     

Creating illegal immigrants

This paper considers the prospects for successful implementation by governments of guest-worker programs that are based on an intended temporary presence of foreign workers. A means of enforcement of temporary presence is a penalty imposed for overstaying the permissible time period. Employers who are obliged to post bonds for their foreign workers are provided with an incentive to ensure that their workers leave at the end of their contractually specified stay. We consider the consequences of such a bond when foreign workers can leave legal employers for illegal employment. We also investigate the effectiveness of deferred payments to foreign workers as a means of discouraging transition from legal employment to illegal presence. In the final analysis, although the policy intention is a temporary stay, we conclude that if foreign workers do not wish to return home, there is an almost inevitability to the creation of a population of illegal immigrants (whose presence may be subsequently legalized). Received: 28 May 1997/Accepted: 6 July 1998     

我国知识型员工知识转移的动机实证研究

本文在对上海、北京、广州等地区10余家知名高科技企业的428名知识型员工问卷调查的基础上,分别用SPSS11.0、LISREL8.2统计软件进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,证明我国企业知识型员工知识转移的动机包括:个人利益、兴趣动机、个人成就感和组织情感四维度结构,最后,通过相关回归,将以上四维动机对知识转移行为的影响力进行了分析,对我国企业内部知识转移激励机制的设计有一定的参考价值.     

新生代农民工的社会资本

农民工问题是全国性关注的热点问题。而我们现在提的农民工大多指90年代出来务工的农民,不同于早期进城打工的农民。这些新生代的农民工不仅具有他们自己的特征,而且他们的社会资本也在发生着变化。本文的主旨在于揭示新生代农民工的特征及其社会资本情况。     

农民工:跨省流动与省内流动

文章通过2005年10月初进行的932份四川、广东农民工问卷调查,发现跨省流动和省内流动农民工在来源地、性别、年龄特征、文化程度、职业分布、收入水平、收入水平影响因素、生活费开支、年收入节余、工作期望、分项指标工作满意度、留城意向等方面都存在显著差异,但在总体工作满意度方面不存在显著差异。据此,该研究不支持托达罗人口流动模型,同时提出了农民工流动的“双拉力”理论。     

How Effective are Helpers to Older Adults’ Life Satisfaction?

The effectiveness of help received from home care workers and volunteers to the life satisfaction of community-dwelling older adults is vital but uncharted. To address the effectiveness, this study aims to optimize the use of social resources for the older adults’ life quality. The study thus surveyed 398 community-dwelling older adults in a city of China about the help and life satisfaction. Results showed a significant positive effect of help from home care workers, but not that from volunteers, on the older adult’s life satisfaction. Moreover, the effect of help from volunteers was significantly greater when the older adult had higher education or lower family income. These effects are explicable with resource theory and need fulfillment theory. They imply the worth of promoting help from home care workers generally and volunteers conditionally to champion older adults’ life satisfaction.     

城市化水平愈高会愈减少歧视吗?——中国城市居民与外来务工人员之间的社会距离

文章通过对2005年全国综合社会调查数据分析,发现随着一个城市城市化水平的增加,城市居民对居住在这个城市的外来务工人员的歧视态度也愈加严重;沿海地区城市居民比内陆地区城市居民对外来务工人员的歧视度要高。