网络化学术组织:基于知识管理的高校学术组织创新

知识管理要求人们对知识资源进行系统有效的管理,以期实现知识的共享、创新和增值。以培养人才、科学研究、服务社会为主要职能的高等学校,更应重视知识管理,注重知识的共享和创新。而传统的高校学术组织不能很好地实现知识共享,特别是隐性知识的共享。本文从高校学术组织变革的必要性、网络化学术组织的特征和形式、如何有效运行网络化学术组织等方面展开研究,以期建设知识社会下新型的高校学术组织。     

候鸟型生活的终结:农民工择巢命题解读

庞大的"候鸟型农民工"群体为城市发展做出贡献,但频繁奔波于城乡的候鸟型生活的艰辛,也带来一些负效应。在城乡统筹深化进程中,农民工是迎接"落地生根"式的市民化还是"还归乡村"以终结候鸟型生活?该命题的解读密码在于:国情背景下"目标城市"的特有命题、与城镇化阶段相容的渐进式"开城移民"之路与渐进式户籍改革过程;此外,也需理解土地管理制度改革、城市病与新农村发展愿景等相关范畴。     

Buffering income loss due to unemployment: Family and welfare state influences on income after job loss in the United States and western Germany

This article analyzes how the family and the welfare state influence household income trajectories after job loss in the United States and in western Germany. Drawing on panel data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), I study the income buffering effects of the family and the welfare state in the short an in the long run after job loss. I demonstrate that household income trajectories after job loss in the two countries are similar for couple households. However, men in the United States rely relatively more on family resources to overcome income loss, whereas German men’s incomes are secured mostly by the welfare state. Women’s unemployment in both countries is mainly buffered by their partners’ higher earnings. Because single households have no access to family support, they face much higher losses in the United States than in Germany. I also show that the more generous German welfare state triggers less private self-help in the form of increased labor force participation on the part of women when their partners lose their jobs. Over time, the family has become more important in buffering incomes after job loss in the United States which smoothed men’s and roughened women’s income trajectories in couple households. In Germany, worsening re-employment chances increased income losses in the long run after job loss.     

进城农民工市民化:现状、进展与改革建议

本文首先利用2001、2005和2010年"中国城市劳动力调查"数据,描述进城农民工在就业、社会保障和居住等方面与城市本地居民的差距及其变化趋势;然后从政策法规方面,阐述进城农民工市民化的主要进展;最后,从户籍制度、子女教育、住房保障和人力资本提升等方面,提出进一步推动进城农民工市民化的政策建议。     

Culturally tailored workers for specialised destinations: producing Filipino migrant subjects for export

This multi-sited, mixed-methods study in Canada and the Philippines examines how migrant workers are manufactured and deployed to a range of global destinations by the Filipino migration apparatus. Building on scholarship examining how the Filipino state markets, selects and prepares Filipino (labour) migrants from and to the Philippines, I show that beyond seeking to produce a temporary migrant workforce with a ‘comparative advantage’ (including traits like ‘docile’, ‘hardworking’, ‘English-speaking’ and ‘loyal’), the state alongside recruiters and other actors in the migration industry also seek to produce workers with cultural knowledge of norms in receiving destinations. This is another dimension through which the Philippines aims to establish its ‘superiority’ in the international market for temporary labour. This study has implications for how we think about transnational labour brokering under highly saturated conditions, and the role of culture and other mediating factors in configuring ‘ideal’ worker constructions and flows.     

Survivors' pensions and their impact on the Brazilian labour market

In many countries the regulations governing survivors' pensions were established in periods when female labour market participation was lower than at present. However, the current trend in many Latin American countries is for growing levels of female labour participation. In Brazil, where there are no restrictions on the concurrent receipt of retirement and survivors' pensions, and where until recently lifelong pensions could be obtained without any conditionality, not only has the accumulation of such benefits grown, but there are indications that these rules have had a negative impact on women's labour market participation. Analysis of the case of Brazil shows the need for social security regulations to adapt to labour market changes, and underlines the need to acknowledge that social security regulations can actually have an impact on the labour market.     

Hungary's experiment in legalizing casual employment

Hungary's 1997 Casual Employment Act was originally meant to formalize ad hoc employment relationships entered into by private individual employers through simplified administrative procedures. After being widely abused, however, this flexible regulatory framework was eventually opened up to all employers, with a higher ceiling on the number of days workable on this basis, drastically reduced social security contributions and strong tax incentives. The aim was then to reduce unemployment and the incidence of illegal work by stretching the boundaries of formal employment, but neither of these objectives was attained. Instead, the authors argue, the attempted flexicurity has greatly increased workers' vulnerability.     

职业教育的发展与中国农村劳动力流动

中国农村劳动力流动是在巨大的城乡差距、产业结构调整和城市化进程背景下发生的;职业技术教育应该为农村劳动力流动提供支持,但是农村职业教育与培训的缺失及城市忽视农民工的培训,导致农村劳动力流动途径不畅,流动后发展受阻。应强化农村职业教育,加强城乡职业教育的统筹与联动,面向城市农民工,发展新形式的职业教育与培训,共同服务农村劳动力的流动。     

新商业经济条件下的知识员工管理

新商业经济是知识经济与市场经济互相影响互相推动而形成的新经济形态,它既不是知识经济,也不是市场经济,它是科学技术发展和经济自由化相结合的结果。在新商业经济条件下,人们的价值观念、思维模式、生活习惯、工作方式和人际关系等都将发生重大的变化;知识员工也愈来愈成为主要的管理对象,作为上层建筑的管理科学,在管理理念和管理方式上都要与之相适应。     

以山西为例分析社会工作者在煤炭污染防治中的作用

通过对山西煤炭行业的调研和考察，分析社会工作者在煤炭污染防治中的作用。分析认为，社会工作者经过长时间系统的专业学习和培训，具有专业知识和技巧，在山西煤炭污染防治过程中能够发挥重要的作用，其作用主要体现为：专门研究污染防治理论、救助生态难民、倡导煤炭企业承担社会责任、争取和管理社会资源、影响政府政策和宣传环保知识。