Gender and Supportive Co‐Worker Relations in the Medical Profession

Women's growing numerical representation in the professions has not necessarily translated into women being truly integrated in these occupations. Questionnaire data are used to examine whether female physicians are socially integrated in the male‐dominated profession of medicine in terms of the support they receive from their medical colleagues compared to male physicians. The literature on tokenism and homophily suggests that women in male‐dominated professions receive less support than their male colleagues, whereas the social support literature predicts that women typically receive more emotional support than men but less informational and instrumental support. The results of this study shed light on the complex and multi‐layered ways in which gender is relevant to our understanding of the extent to which co‐workers provide empathy, information and assistance to one another.     

农民工公共服务歧视性供给现象探究——基于公共服务均等化的视角

城市农民工在公共服务方面存在多方面的歧视和不公平对待,其主要根源是二元经济结构和户籍制度的限制。以“基本公共服务均等化”为普遍标准解决农民工问题,就需要推动二元经济结构和户籍制度的改革,转变政府治理理念：而“公共服务均等化”意味着政府将致力于逐步缩小城乡之间、不同区域之间、不同群体的基本公共服务差距．推动社会管理向实现基本公共服务均等化、城乡居民权利平等的社会治理转变,以促进社会公平和正义,共同享受改革开放的成果。     

论我国专业社会工作者的职业生涯发展

社会工作作为一种专业教育在我国已开展了十几年,但作为一种职业是最近才被国家认可的。这种职业化落后于教育的发展趋势使得大量受过社会工作教育的专业社会工作者职业生涯发展受到很大限制。因此,本文通过分析专业社会工作者职业生涯发展中面临的问题,分析专业社会工作者从业的环境,尝试对专业社会工作者的职业生涯发展作初步规划,以期能对我国专业社会工作者的职业生涯发展提供帮助。     

政策认知、社会资本与农民工求职交易费用

采用2014年农民工发展调查数据,运用对数线性回归模型、零膨胀负二项回归模型分析了政策认知、社会资本对农民工求职交易费用的影响。实证结果显示,政策认知和社会资本并非完全降低交易费用。不了解户籍制度的影响降低了求职交易费用,但了解《劳动合同法》和最低工资标准显著提高了签订合同所用时间和次数。心情不好向公职人员倾诉或休闲时与公职人员在一起降低签合同所用时间和次数,但向公职人员求助会提高找工作时间和花费资金。     

农民工有序政治参与的现实意义及路径选择

扩大农民工有序政治参与,是促进城乡社会稳定和谐、推动基层民主发展、加快依法治国进程、解决三农问题和推动城市化进程的需要。从本质上讲,农民工的政治参与问题也是人的发展问题。解决农民工的政治参与问题,应从制度建设和人的发展角度入手,其中最重要的是建立健全农民工社会融入的相关制度,改革和拓宽农民工政治参与的渠道。此外,也要倡导平等观念,加强农民工的素质培训和制定向农民工倾斜的扶持政策,为农民工有序政治参与扫清障碍,搭建平台。     

农民工阶层的特征与社会地位

农民工从其社会属性看已经成为一个阶层,具有阶层流动性强、职业低质性、让会网络复制性、生活方式疏隔化等阶层特性。其社会地位总体上处于城市社会的底层,是城市社会中的“佣人”阶层、“沉默”阶层、“无根”阶层和“边缘”阶层。阻碍农民工在城市生存与发展的主要问题源于社会制度与社会政策的障碍,因此,制度的改革、创新便成为新的问题提了出来,而市场与政府是冲击这种陈旧制度与政策的两股最重要的力量。     

新生代农民工就业能力提升问题研究

新生代农民工可以通过正规教育、社会资本的支持以及"干中学"提升其就业能力。考虑到教育成本、市场需求等因素,新生代农民工应选择职业技术教育提升就业能力;依赖社会资本的支持提升就业能力,需要强调完整的家庭对新生代农民工提升就业能力的重要性,激励企业为员工提供更多在职培训,充分利用新生代农民工在工作搜寻中所依赖的草根力量,帮助农民工获得更多的就业机会,从而使他们有机会获得在职培训和"干中学"的机会,进一步提高其自身的就业能力;"干中学"作为提升就业能力的重要途径,以就业为前提,并与劳动者个人的学习能力紧密相关。     

基于异质生产要素模型对农民工与城镇劳动力关系的研究

随着进城农民工数量的增加,农民工与城镇劳动力的关系研究显得十分必要。农民工与城镇劳动力各具不同的人力资源禀赋,属于异质生产要素。基于改进的异质生产要素模型,利用希克斯互补弹性公式计算,结果显示两者主要表现为互补性,因而农民工与城镇劳动力两者总体上是相容的。积极发展城镇化,鼓励农民工进城并实现身份的转变,统筹城乡劳动力市场管理,合理配置劳动力资源具有十分重要的意义。     

Bonding and Bridging Social Capital Development by Social Workers

ABSTRACT

Developing service users’ bonding and bridging social capital is an increasingly recognized role of social workers. A survey of 570 Chinese service users, sampled from 41 social service units in Hong Kong, provided data for the study. Results demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity in a confirmatory factor model about the measurement of bonding and bridging social capital development, mutuality, and assistance to the community. This evidence for the validity and usefulness of social capital development endorses social workers’ role in developing service users’ social capital. Further research needs to assess the generalizability of the present findings in other sociocultural settings.     

Is there a relationship between burnout and objective performance? A critical review of 16 studies

Previous research has suggested that high levels of burnout lead to impaired functioning on the job. However, as this research has usually relied on self-reported performance, it is imperative to examine whether this association is also confirmed when using “objective” performance data (e.g., supervisor reports). This study reviewed previous research on the associations between burnout (exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and various types of objective performance. A systematic literature search identified 16 studies dealing with the burnout-performance relationship. These studies showed the wide variety of approaches that are used to study burnout and objective performance. Using data from these 16 studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain mean correlations. The meta-analytical correlations between exhaustion and in-role behaviour (based on five studies), organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB; five studies), and customer satisfaction (two studies) were -.22, -.19, and -.55, respectively, underlining the practical relevance of burnout research for organizational performance. The evidence for the relationships between depersonalization, personal accomplishment, and performance was inconclusive. Future research should focus on valid indicators of job performance, should more often employ longitudinal designs and large samples, and should consider the theoretical basis for the study expectations more extensively.