理工农医类大学设立人文社科类课程的重要意义

针对理工农医类大学在学生素质教育和创新能力培养中亟需解决的问题 ,分析论述了加强对学生人文社会科学教育的重要意义 ,提出了通过两课教学和设置辅修专业等措施来实现对学生加强人文社会科学教育的目的。     

罗贯中三题

从罗贯中创作的杂剧与小说相互比较、印证的角度 ,论证了罗贯中的社会理想是由君仁、臣贤、民乐等层面构成的三位一体的太平盛世安乐蓝图。从接受与创造二者关系的角度 ,论证了罗贯中写作《三国志演义》是多层面接受之集大成与万方为我用之新创造的辩证统一。从其创作过程所面对的各种矛盾的角度 ,论证了两把评价尺度的矛盾统一 ,忠义道德观念的冲突整合 ,意识与潜意识的表里互渗等方面的问题     

区域高校应对WTO的思考与对策

我国加入WTO后 ,区域高校面临新挑战和新问题。为了在激烈的竞争中更好地生存和发展 ,区域高校必须保持冷静的头脑 ,实事求是地认识、分析自己在竞争中的优势、劣势 ,寻求对策 :解放思想 ,转变观念 ;发挥优势 ,克服劣势 ,走自己独特的道路 ;要有更强的紧迫感和发展意识 ;在相对封闭的条件下营造开放的氛围 ;为参与国际竞争提供更加宽松的政策环境     

Improving the contributions of technology assessment to the health care system of the U.S.A.

Summary Based on 14 case studies of highly effective therapies and the reasons they succeeded less frequently than they could, we propose a variety of steps to improve the health care system of the U.S.A. Whatever proposal emerges from current national debates until innovations are shown to be safe and effective, they should not be supported; when slightly better technologies are much more expensive than other good ones we need to consider appropriate choices carefully; simplified billing and bookkeping would reduce our costs; when a technology is rapidly introduced cautionnary measures may be needed; tracking immunization and repairing their omissions requires a new system; educational programs such as seen effective in hypertension should be applied in other areas such as vaccination; in organ transplantation the nation should consider “presumed consent”; our payment system sometimes creates perverse incentives and therefore needs review; and the preferences of the public in allocation of health resources need to be discovered once the public is informed about the issues. Research supported by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.     

论红学的边界性

《红楼梦》自诞生以来，被当成各种属性的文本，它在不同的学科领域被接受，而对于任何一个学科来说，《红楼梦》的阅读现象都呈现出一种边界性。这根源于文本《红楼梦》的边界性，它本身具有小说学、经学、朴学的因素。这种边界性正是红学的生机之所在。边界性不等于混乱与无充，从方法论看，红学具有两个世界；事实还原的世界和意义诠释的世界。     

论高等学校科技工作的地位与作用

高等学校科技工作具有培养社会所需的高水平的现代人才、催生科技成果的双重职能作用。因此 ,正确处理教学与科技工作的关系 ,确立科技发展的观念 ,对高校建设发展具有非常重要的意义     

文化与河流

文化与河流的关系十分特殊，文化既源于河流，又反过来改造河流。文章重点阐述了文化如何由源于河流到改造河流，如何由被动地改造河流到主动地改造河流的过程。     

两种价值取向与三段式考核模式——思想道德修养课考核方法浅探

思想道德修养课在考核方法上存在两种不同的价值取向 :纯粹考核的价值取向和服务学生的价值取向。而三段式考核模式正是倡导服务学生的价值取向 ,从而达到考核的真正目的     

加强研究生招生管理 提高招生质量

本文从招生名额的分配、招生宣传、专业课的命题评卷、复试四个招生的主要环节,论述了研究生招生过程中存在的一些问题及我校加强招生管理采取的措施.     

What to Do at Low Doses: A Bounding Approach for Economic Analysis

To quantify the health benefits of environmental policies, economists generally require estimates of the reduced probability of illness or death. For policies that reduce exposure to carcinogenic substances, these estimates traditionally have been obtained through the linear extrapolation of experimental dose-response data to low-exposure scenarios as described in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (1986). In response to evolving scientific knowledge, EPA proposed revisions to the guidelines in 1996. Under the proposed revisions, dose-response relationships would not be estimated for carcinogens thought to exhibit nonlinear modes of action. Such a change in cancer-risk assessment methods and outputs will likely have serious consequences for how benefit-cost analyses of policies aimed at reducing cancer risks are conducted. Any tendency for reduced quantification of effects in environmental risk assessments, such as those contemplated in the revisions to EPA's cancer-risk assessment guidelines, impedes the ability of economic analysts to respond to increasing calls for benefit-cost analysis. This article examines the implications for benefit-cost analysis of carcinogenic exposures of the proposed changes to the 1986 Guidelines and proposes an approach for bounding dose-response relationships when no biologically based models are available. In spite of the more limited quantitative information provided in a carcinogen risk assessment under the proposed revisions to the guidelines, we argue that reasonable bounds on dose-response relationships can be estimated for low-level exposures to nonlinear carcinogens. This approach yields estimates of reduced illness for use in a benefit-cost analysis while incorporating evidence of nonlinearities in the dose-response relationship. As an illustration, the bounding approach is applied to the case of chloroform exposure.