Determinants of social assistance caseloads for employable single adults without dependants in Canada

Government officials like the idea of just a small number of households in their respective jurisdiction receiving social assistance. A large number is seen as costly to the public treasury, and declining caseloads are generally viewed as a mark of success for both the economy and the government of the day. But what factors account for the size of a Canadian province's social assistance caseload? This article aims to shed light on this question, with a focus on single adults without dependants (and without serious disabilities) during the 1989–2017 period. One important finding is that when the value of social assistance benefit levels for this group increases by 1% in a province, the social assistance caseload for this demographic rises by 0.457%. Put differently, there is indeed an important behavior response associated with higher benefit levels. In response, we propose that provincial officials budget for higher take up levels when they increase benefit levels for this household group.     

拉萨尔劳动经济理论的三重批判——基于马克思的劳动关系思想

为维护工人阶级利益,马克思在《哥达纲领批判》中有针对性地批判拉萨尔劳动经济理论。他着重批判拉萨尔“劳动超自然创造力”的论断,科学剖析劳动与自然、社会的关系;揭穿拉萨尔“劳动所得平等分配”的幻想,探讨实行按劳分配与按需分配的社会历史条件;驳斥拉萨尔“铁的工资规律”的谬论,为废除私有制而实现劳动解放指明方向。对拉萨尔劳动经济理论的批判内在地贯穿于马克思发展唯物史观的思想进程中,同时成为马克思主义政治经济学和科学社会主义的重要组成部分。     

新时代劳动价值观的四个维度

新时代劳动价值观包含了对劳动过程和劳动者在认知与实践两个层面的价值判断:在认知层面,包括如何看待劳动过程和劳动者;在实践层面,包括需要怎样的劳动以及如何实现体面劳动。新时代劳动价值观由崇尚劳动的价值原则,以劳动者为本的价值取向,辛勤劳动、诚实劳动、创造性劳动的价值规范和体面劳动的价值诉求四个维度构成。     

The politics of leisure and labor mobilities: discourses of tourism and transnational migration in Central Java,Indonesia

This article presents narratives and tropes of transnational tourism from a less considered perspective: rural migrant-origin villagers of Central Java. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Cilacap and Yogyakarta, I analyze how and why some former temporary labor migrants depict their typically harsh experiences in terms of tourism and leisure. Addressing the tendency in current research to approach labor migration and tourism as mutually exclusive or unrelated class categories and experiences, I consider the ways in which former migrants and non-migrant villagers evaluate or identify labor migration in terms of gender, class, religious, and ethno-national subjectivities associated with ‘tourist’ and/or ‘migrant’ categories. Popular and commercial imaginations of leisure travel and tourism importantly shape the subjectivities and positionalities of precarious labor migrants. Foregrounding the relations between tourism and labor migration reveals the multi-scalar ways in which associated discourses and infrastructures of both mutually shape and constitute global socio-economic inequalities.     

广西农业剩余劳动力转移状况研究

广西要想在西部率先全面建成小康社会。必须解决好农业剩余劳动力的转移问题。本文使用抽样法测算广西2008年农业剩余劳动力总数,并按照劳动力转移去向进行统计分析,揭示转移中存在的突出性问题和提出对策建议。     

劳动力缺失背景下新型农村养老保险需求及其影响因素研究

新型农村养老保险试点工作的全面开展、制度优化完善必须充分考虑农村现实状况和农民实际需求,本文以劳动力缺失、老龄化加剧、家庭养老功能弱化为背景,对陕西省西安市10个涉农区县开展实地调查,通过问卷设计与数据收集,获取1156个有效样本,综合运用描述性统计、相关分析和二分类、多分类逻辑回归分析方法,从参保意愿和支付能力的二维视角实证研究新型农村养老保险需求及其影响因素,结果表明：养老风险意识、新农保政策了解程度、新农保政策效果和缴费原则认可程度、耕地面积、期望养老金额是新农保参保意愿的显著影响因素,而表征经济状况的农民家庭年总收入、年基本支出与新农保支付能力之间具有显著的因果关系。     

School–work systems in postindustrial societies: Evidence from Japan

The Japanese system of school–work has been widely admired for the strong communication and recruitment relationships that exist between high schools and employers. We develop a framework for understanding the macro-level conditions that fostered the effectiveness of the system up until the early 1990s. These conditions included a stratified secondary educational system, a large supply of high-quality high school graduates, and high demand for young workers to fill entry-level positions in the internal labor markets of large firms. We use original data from a sample of urban high schools to analyze how Japanese employers’ recruitment patterns changed in the 1990s and beyond. The results of that analysis and a counterfactual analysis suggest that recent changes, especially in Japanese employment institutions, have significantly weakened high school–employer relationships. We suggest implications of the Japanese case for school–work processes in other postindustrial societies.     

韩国劳动力市场灵活稳定性状况研究

根据国际社会提出的灵活稳定性概念对韩国金融危机以后劳动力市场的灵活稳定性状况进行分析。韩国政府采取的许多改革措施没有使劳动力市场的稳定性得到提高,反而使灵活性不断下滑。社会保障体系的不完善及工会组织的政治化是造成韩国劳动力市场灵活稳定性无法提高的主要原因。     

论经济增长的驱动因素:劳动生产效率与产业结构——以江苏省为例

本文利用LMDI指数分解方法建立了人均增长率测算模型。该模型可以分析产业GDP结构、产业劳动力结构、产业全员劳动生产效率以及劳动力占总人口比重等因素对人均GDP增长率的影响。江苏省人均GDP增长率的实证分析,表明产业全员劳动生产率和产业结构是该省2010年实现人均GDP增长率200%的主要影响因素。     

劳动权的人权属性

人权理论和人权保障运动的冲击,是劳动权得以兴起和发展的重要原因之一,而劳动权入宪在一定意义上是对人权理论的落实。劳动权是现代法治国家公民的一项基本权利,也是受国际社会保护的一项基本人权。但是从劳动权形成来看,劳动权与人权所行使的轨迹在漫长的历史中是平行的,甚至在权利概念出现以后,劳动权也长期无人提起。劳动权具有人权属性应是在资本主义早期的工人运动和国际劳工组织的推动下提出的,国际立法和国内立法为劳动权的确立和保障创造了必要的前提条件。