农业较发达区域农民纯收入的结构构成及其变化趋势——以广东省高州市为例

在高州农民人均纯收入结构中,来自劳务报酬收入比重呈现上升的趋势,并超过农业经营收入。农民人均收入各个组成部分增长存在较大的差异,其根本原因是三次产业劳动生产率的不同。     

当前农村土地纠纷及其解决方式

农村土地纠纷从一个侧面反映了当前我国农民对土地问题的理解和认知。其中不少土地纠纷案,与90年代中后期实行的"30年不变"的土地延包政策有关。当前农村土地纠纷主要可分为两种类型:一种是普通村民之间的土地争议;另一种则反映了普通村民和基层乡村干部之间的分歧。在解决这些土地纠纷时,各种民间惯例和民间习俗等农村非正式制度因素发挥了重要的作用,和国家政策制度形成一种互相补充又相互冲突的关系。     

《1844年经济学--哲学手稿》的表层理论结构和深层理论的本质内容

<1844年经济学-哲学手稿>(以下简称<手稿>)因采用了从资本主义社会人的异化到共产主义社会人的复归的外在表述方式而留下了人道主义的残痕,但由于马克思当时基本实现了向唯物主义世界观和共产主义立场的转变,所以在<手稿>中运用了新的研究方法,这使<手稿>具有了历史唯物主义的深层理论结构.本文将通过对人道主义和<手稿>内容的具体分析来确证两者之间的本质差别,并进一步探究其中的新的研究方法.     

裁判员对足球赛场“围拢”状况处理方法的研究

通过对十七届世界杯决赛阶段小组赛场上出现的"围拢"状况及裁判员当时处理方法的临场统计分析发现,场上"围拢"的对象主要是双方队员、个别为裁判员;围拢时均与犯规有关, 与裁判员对明显犯规动作可能造成的后果和鸣笛后可能出现情况的预见性等有着密切关系;围拢裁判员时同其处以"极刑"相关;出现"围拢"状况与比赛轮次、球队赛风关系密切.     

“劳动价值论一元论”：考茨基“反修”的酸果——对马克思主义价值理论演变史的非主流性考察

马恩价值理论并非劳动价值论一元论,而是宏观的"效用/劳动价值论";劳动价值论只是其向"具体"上升中的抽象出发点。文章由此出发,论述了考茨基《卡尔·马克思的经济学说》一书是在《资本论》第三卷未公开发表的条件下撰成的,存在对《资本论》第三卷的悖离和对第一卷的形式主义或绝对化理解。后来,伯恩斯坦依据《资本论》第二、三卷,畅言劳动价值论与当时已兴起的效用价值论的互补,是比较符合马恩价值理论本相的,而考茨基等人以"反修"为名,用"劳动价值论一元论"批判伯氏,虽在政治上有一定合理性,但在理论上却是僵守误解、曲解马恩。这种"一元论"后来因"反修"而"正宗"化于列宁、独尊于前苏联,至今残喘于中国,乃是"阶级斗争为纲"在价值理论中的遗存物。     

WTO争端解决机制与突破绿色贸易壁垒

绿色贸易壁垒是在20世纪80年代兴起的一种非关税壁垒形式,其表现形式是进口国通过严格的环保标准和其他措施,阻碍国外商品进入本国市场,构成实质性的贸易障碍。发展中国家由于经济及生产技术水平较低,容易受到其制约或限制,因而引发贸易争端。WTO争端解决机制所具有的严密的程序性、较高的透明度和公平性,将有助于发展中国家突破绿色贸易壁垒。当然,这种积极性作用也因WTO争端解决机制本身的某些缺陷而不能完全发挥。     

“社会必要劳动时间”的歧义性研究——认识分歧的客观原因探讨之一

"社会必要劳动时间"本身具有多种语义;马克思在<资本论>中也是从多个语义的角度使用"社会必要劳动时间"的;马克思使用多语义的"社会必要劳动时间"有六个方面的原因.     

A Model of Parental Demand for Child Labor with High Fertility Norms

This paper sets out a model to examine how social norms regarding fertility influence parental choice between child labor and child's education. The parent is modeled as a social animal who derives utility from conformity with behavior of other members of the society. In deciding on the number of children, parents internalize the gain of utility from conformity to the norm for fertility. The model investigates the influence of the social element of conformity on the education decision for children and the prevalence of child labor. Social utility from conformity with exogenous social norms of high fertility increases the prevalence of child labor. This social norm can decrease the effectiveness of public policy aimed at encouraging education in place of child labor.     

Jacob Mincer and Labor Supply–Before and Aftermath

This paper discusses the impact that Jacob Mincer's 1962 paper Labor-Force Participation of Married Women... had on the analysis and empirical estimation of the labor supply of married women, and the supply of labor in general. It is argued that this paper has revolutionized the analysis of labor supply. The sharp increase in married women's labor supply still constitutes a challenge to labor economists who try to explain the phenomenon in terms of income and price effects derived from cross-section studies. It constituted a puzzle to labor economists in the 1950s and 1960s, still captives of the notion of a backwards-bending supply of labor. Mincer combined a theoretical model distinguishing between three uses of time (leisure, work at home, and work in the market) and Friedman's distinction between permanent and transitory earning. He showed that the wage has a positive effect on married women's labor supply, and that this supply is more affected by transitory than by permanent income changes. The new theory serves as the scaffold on which Mincer builds the empirical estimation. The interplay between theory, data, and empirical estimation, and the ingenuity of the empirical research using scant data sources, made this paper the object of emulation. The ideas first discussed in this paper generated many of the developments in the analysis of labor supply witnessed over the last four decades.     

Jacob Mincer,Experience and the Distribution of Earnings

This paper reviews Jacob Mincer's contributions to the analyses of earnings and the distribution of earnings through his pioneering focus on labor market experience or on-the-job training. It begins with a brief discussion of the theoretical literature on the distribution of earnings in the pre-Mincer period, and then discusses his analysis of human capital and earnings developed in his 1957 doctoral dissertation and 1958 Journal of Political Economy (JPE) article. Further analyses of on-the-job training, and in particular estimates of the rate of return from on-the-job training, are presented in his 1962 JPE paper. The synergy between Mincer and Becker during the 1960s is discussed, as is the development of the schooling-earnings function by Gary S. Becker and Barry R. Chiswick (1966). Jacob Mincer extended this relationship by incorporating experience to form the human capital earnings function in his Schooling, Experience and Earnings (1974). Subsequent modifications, extensions, tests of robustness and the wide applicability of the human capital earnings function are presented.