What Do Grandmothers Think about Self‐esteem? American and Taiwanese Folk Theories Revisited

The study investigates European American and Taiwanese grandmothers’ folk theories of childrearing and self‐esteem, building on an earlier comparison of mothers from the same families. Adopting methods that privilege local meanings, we bring grandmothers’ voices into the conversation about childrearing, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of intergenerational nuances in folk theories. In each cultural case, 16 grandmothers of 3‐year‐olds participated in in‐depth interviews that were customized according to local communicative norms. Although self‐esteem emerged as a central organizing concept in the folk theories of European American mothers, grandmothers spoke in two voices, either echoing their daughters or invoking a counter‐discourse of wariness towards self‐esteem. By contrast, Taiwanese mothers and grandmothers resembled one another—but differed from their American counterparts—in treating self‐esteem as peripheral in childrearing. Results contribute to the growing consensus that self‐esteem is a culture‐specific childrearing goal and suggest that the European American tendency to valorize self‐esteem varies by generation.     

Social Stratification and the Division of Household Labor in Japan: The Effect of Wives' Work on the Division of Labor among Dual-earner Families

Abstract:  This article explores the relationship between social stratification and the division of household labor by examining how the contribution to housework by husbands in dual-earner families varies across the Japanese social stratification structure. First, I review previous studies concerning the determinants of husbands' participation in housework and construct four hypotheses regarding the relative resources explanation, the time constraints explanation, the ideology/sex role explanation, and the alternative manpower explanation. Second, I examine the empirical support for these hypotheses in dual-earner couples and the effect of social stratification on husband's participation in housework, which has not been studied thus far. Third, I investigate the effect of social stratification in more detail. According to the results of TOBIT regressions and other supplementary analyses, the principal findings are as follows:

• 1) 

  the relative resources explanation is not supported;

       

历史演义小说:中国小说家的一大发明

世界诸国均无历史演义小说这一品种 ,只有中国才有历史演义小说。中国的正史 ,历来就有神话、传说、虚构的成份 ,以史为本 ,并敷演其大义 ,达到以史为鉴 ,教育和娱乐民众的目的 ,于是乃有历史演义小说的出现 ,历史演义小说经历了衍变过程。中国历史演义小说 ,具有其鲜明艺术特点。     

论吸毒的心理演变及其矫治对策

吸毒人员一般都要经历一个从好奇、追求刺激、寻求解脱等尝试吸毒 ,到养成吸毒习惯 ,再到依赖毒品的心理演变过程。根据吸毒的心理演变规律 ,运用心理矫治技术 ,采取恰当的矫治措施 ,可以彻底消除吸毒人员对毒品的心理依赖 ,完全戒掉毒瘾。为此 ,在简要分析了吸毒的严重危害性和心理演变过程的基础上 ,着重探讨了对心瘾的矫治对策     

古代文论"养气"说之流变

“养气”说源于儒、道哲学上的“养气”论 ,是古代文论的重要学说之一。古代文论“养气”说的发展可以分为先秦两汉、魏晋六朝、唐宋元、明清等四个历史阶段。在历史发展中 ,“养气”说形成了几种有代表性的观点 ,涉及到作家道德人格之修养、创作心态之培养、艺术才能之习练、艺术个性之发扬、人生阅历之增广等一系列重要理论问题。     

论大学生创新精神的培养

创新精神的培养是时代的要求 ,是深化教育改革推进素质教育的必然选择 ,文章从教师和教材、教学体制改革与素质教育、学生个性发展和非智力因素训练等方面 ,提出了培养大学生创新精神的基本思路     

试论劳动及劳动价值的确定方式

劳动及劳动价值论是马克思主义全部政治经济学说的基础, 通过对劳动及劳动价值的确定方式, 得出“劳动”是创造和消耗相统一的结论。     

功能主义在现代工业设计中的发展和演变

作为现代主义核心的功能主义在现代工业设计近百年的发展过程中 ,经历了发生、发展、演变和反思的漫长历程。展望未来的发展趋势 ,功能主义以其特定的合理内核及意识形态背景 ,将有其存在和发展的积极意义     

解决我国农业剩余劳动力就业问题的思路

农业剩余劳动力的就业问题 ,是我国经济中的一个重要问题。要解决好这一问题 ,就需要制定引导农业劳动力转移的战略 ,多方寻求劳动力转移的途径 ,努力提高农业劳动力素质 ,建立健全劳动力市场 ,营造有利于农业剩余劳动力就业的制度环境 ,控制人口过快增长     

Determinants of female labor force participation: A study of Seoul,South Korea, 1970–1980

This paper investigates the determinants of labor force participation of women living in male-headed households in Seoul, South Korea, at two points in time, 1970 and 1980. Analysis of data from the 1970 and 1980 Korean Population Censuses suggests that both women's educational level and the family economic status determine women's labor force participation in Seoul. Women with middle school education or above are more economically active than those with no education. Women from lower economic backgrounds are almost two to three times more likely to be employed than those in high-status families, controlling for age, number of children under 6, and marital status. However, this pattern is not found among women from the blue-collar wage-working families.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1988 meetings of the Population Association of America.