私营企业主的劳动属性再认识

私营企业主的劳动,从本质上看包含着大量的创新劳动,从分工上看绝大部分是管理劳动和科技劳动。他们的劳动具有高脑力劳动强度、高劳动风险压力、超常劳动时间和劳动的高增值性等特点。私营企业主的劳动理应受到尊重和保护,因为它是在社会主义制度下合法进行的,是有中国特色社会主义总劳动的一部分,并有力地促进了有中国特色社会主义的发展。在私营企业主的收入中非劳动收入的比重有下降的趋势。     

中国就业市场中的性别歧视——对公众认知率的研究

调查结果表明:女性更关注工作过程中的性别歧视和职业隔离的性别歧视现象,女性仅对应聘过程中的性别歧视现象如女性的相貌、身高等要求、外来打工妹的应聘两个问题的认知率高于男性;女性对性骚扰性别歧视认知率与男性没有显著差异;公众对各种性别歧视现象的总体认知水平不高.     

关于期刊编辑主体疲劳心理的理论分析

期刊编辑在产生疲劳心理时,要有正确的认识目的和正确的克服方法。本文以编辑心理学理论为根据,运用劳动生理和劳动心理的知识,对期刊编辑主体在编辑活动中的心理现象———产生疲劳、积累疲劳和恢复疲劳的一般规律进行了理论分析,旨在培养编辑的心理素质,合理设计编辑工作模式,提高编辑工作效率。     

Social Stratification and the Division of Household Labor in Japan: The Effect of Wives' Work on the Division of Labor among Dual-earner Families

Abstract:  This article explores the relationship between social stratification and the division of household labor by examining how the contribution to housework by husbands in dual-earner families varies across the Japanese social stratification structure. First, I review previous studies concerning the determinants of husbands' participation in housework and construct four hypotheses regarding the relative resources explanation, the time constraints explanation, the ideology/sex role explanation, and the alternative manpower explanation. Second, I examine the empirical support for these hypotheses in dual-earner couples and the effect of social stratification on husband's participation in housework, which has not been studied thus far. Third, I investigate the effect of social stratification in more detail. According to the results of TOBIT regressions and other supplementary analyses, the principal findings are as follows:

• 1) 

  the relative resources explanation is not supported;

       

解决我国农业剩余劳动力就业问题的思路

农业剩余劳动力的就业问题 ,是我国经济中的一个重要问题。要解决好这一问题 ,就需要制定引导农业劳动力转移的战略 ,多方寻求劳动力转移的途径 ,努力提高农业劳动力素质 ,建立健全劳动力市场 ,营造有利于农业剩余劳动力就业的制度环境 ,控制人口过快增长     

Determinants of female labor force participation: A study of Seoul,South Korea, 1970–1980

This paper investigates the determinants of labor force participation of women living in male-headed households in Seoul, South Korea, at two points in time, 1970 and 1980. Analysis of data from the 1970 and 1980 Korean Population Censuses suggests that both women's educational level and the family economic status determine women's labor force participation in Seoul. Women with middle school education or above are more economically active than those with no education. Women from lower economic backgrounds are almost two to three times more likely to be employed than those in high-status families, controlling for age, number of children under 6, and marital status. However, this pattern is not found among women from the blue-collar wage-working families.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1988 meetings of the Population Association of America.     

马克思的劳动价值论和按生产要素分配

生产要素所有权决定劳动产品的分配。不同社会制度下劳动产品的分配不同根源于生产资料所有制的不同。市场经济条件下生产要素获取收益的方式主要有三种：把生产要素当作商品、把生产要素当作资本商品，把生产要素当作资本。无论何种方式参与分配的依据都是生产要素的所有权，而非劳动价值论：劳动价值论不是生产要素参与分配的依据，但在市场经济中两者有着内在的联系。     

新经济时代的职工收入结构探讨

认为新经济时代生产方式的转移 ,迫使职工参与生产获得收入的方式发生相应的变动 ,因而在对单一劳动收入的弊端进行分析的基础上 ,从理论上探讨了劳动与资本并存的拥有财富的收入途径 ,提出了建立我国职工收入的新结构 ,并分析了双因素收入结构对经济发展的促进作用。     

Premarital Cohabitation and Housework: Couples in Cross‐National Perspective

The authors examine the effect of premarital cohabitation on the division of household labor in 22 countries. First, women do more routine housework than men in all countries. Second, married couples that cohabited before marriage have a more equal division of housework. Third, national cohabitation rates have equalizing effects on couples regardless of their own cohabitation experience. However, the influence of cohabitation rates is only observed in countries with higher levels of overall gender equality. The authors conclude that the trend toward increasing cohabitation may be part of a broader social trend toward a more egalitarian division of housework.     

试析技术异化的劳动异化根源

探讨现代技术异化的根源,不能只从技术层面去寻找.技术是人类生存实践的产物,技术形态和应用后果都是社会建构的,技术异化的根源也在于社会应用技术的主导模式.通过对劳动异化和技术异化的分析,认为技术异化是以资本主义生产方式和机器技术的大规模应用为前提的,根本的原因则是资本主义生产方式占据主导地位的情况下劳动异化了.因而,技术作为资本增值的内在手段,与劳动和自然对立,技术异化是劳动异化的必然表现.马克思的劳动异化思想,对我们深入理解技术异化的根源及其后果,具有极其重要的指导意义.